ASTM E3166-20e1
Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build

Standard No.

ASTM E3166-20e1

Release Date

2020

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM E3166-20e1

Scope

1.1 This guide discusses the use of established and emerging nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures used to inspect metal parts made by additive manufacturing (AM). 1.2 The NDT procedures covered produce data related to and affected by microstructure, part geometry, part complexity, surface finish, and the different AM processes used. 1.3 The parts tested by the procedures covered in this guide are used in aerospace applications; therefore, the inspection requirements for discontinuities and inspection points in general are different and more stringent than for materials and components used in non-aerospace applications. 1.4 The metal materials under consideration include, but are not limited to, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and stainless steels. 1.5 The manufacturing processes considered use powder and wire feedstock, and laser or electron energy sources. Specific powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED) processes are discussed. 1.6 This guide discusses NDT of parts after they have been fabricated. Parts will exist in one of three possible states: (1) raw, as-built parts before post-processing (heat treating, hot isostatic pressing, machining, etc.), (2) intermediately machined parts, or (3) finished parts after all post-processing is completed. 1.7 The NDT procedures discussed in this guide are used by cognizant engineering organizations to detect both surface and volumetric flaws in as-built (raw) and post-processed (finished) parts. 1.8 The NDT procedures discussed in this guide are computed tomography (CT, Section 7, including microfocus CT), eddy current testing (ET, Section 8), optical metrology (MET, Section 9), penetrant testing (PT, Section 10), process compensated resonance testing (PCRT, Section 11), radiographic testing (RT, Section 12), infrared thermography (IRT, Section 13), and ultrasonic testing (UT, Section 14). Other NDT procedures such as leak testing (LT) and magnetic particle testing (MT), which have known utility for inspection of AM parts, are not covered in this guide. 1.9 Practices and guidance for in-process monitoring during the build, including guidance on sensor selection and inprocess quality assurance, are not covered in this guide. 1.10 This guide is based largely on established procedures under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of the appropriate subcommittee therein. 1.11 This guide does not recommend a specific course of action for application of NDT to AM parts. It is intended to increase the awareness of established NDT procedures from the NDT perspective. 1.12 Recommendations about the control of input materials, process equipment calibration, manufacturing processes, and post-processing are beyond the scope of this guide and are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on Additive Manufacturing Technologies. Standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM F42 or equivalent are followed whenever possible to ensure reproducible parts suitable for NDT are made. 1.13 Recommendations about the inspection requirements and management of fracture critical AM parts are beyond the scope of this guide. Recommendations on fatigue, fracture mechanics, and fracture control are found in appropriate end user requirements documents, and in standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture. NOTE 1—To determine the deformation and fatigue properties of metal parts made by additive manufacturing using destructive tests, consult Guide F3122. NOTE 2—To quantify the risks associated with fracture critical AM parts, it is incumbent upon the structural assessment community, such as ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture, to define critical initial flaw sizes (CIFS) for the part to define the objectives of the NDT. 1.14 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria used in procurement or as a means for approval of AM parts for 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized NDT Methods. Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020. Published July 2020. DOI: 10.1520/ E3166-20E01. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 service. Any accept-reject criteria are given solely for purposes of illustration and comparison. 1.15 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.16 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.17 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM E3166-20e1 Referenced Document

• ASTM E1001 Standard Practice for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinuities by the Immersed Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Method Using Longitudinal Waves
• ASTM E1004 Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
• ASTM E1025 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
• ASTM E1030 Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
• ASTM E1032 Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weldments
• ASTM E1065 Standard Guide for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units
• ASTM E11 Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
• ASTM E114 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Examination by the Contact Method
• ASTM E1158 Standard Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ultrasonic Examination of Metal and Metal Alloy Production Material
• ASTM E1209 Standard Test Method for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Using the Water-Washable Process
• ASTM E1255 Standard Practice for Radioscopy
• ASTM E1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations*， 2024-02-01 Update
• ASTM E1416 Standard Test Method for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments
• ASTM E1417 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination
• ASTM E1441 Standard Guide for Computed Tomography (CT)
• ASTM E1475 Standard Guide for Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of Digital Radiological Test Data
• ASTM E1570 Standard Practice for Computed Tomographic (CT) Examination*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM E1695 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Computed Tomography (CT) System Performance
• ASTM E1742 Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM E1817 Standard Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination by Using Representative Quality Indicators (RQIs)
• ASTM E1901 Standard Guide for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinuities by Contact Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Methods
• ASTM E1935 Standard Test Method for Calibrating and Measuring CT Density
• ASTM E2001 Standard Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
• ASTM E2007 Standard Guide for Computed Radiography*， 2023-06-01 Update
• ASTM E2033 Standard Practice for Computed Radiology (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
• ASTM E2104 Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Advanced Aero and Turbine Materials and Components*， 2022-06-01 Update
• ASTM E215 Standard Practice for Standardizing Equipment for Electromagnetic Examination of Seamless Aluminum-Alloy Tube
• ASTM E2338 Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards*， 2022-06-01 Update
• ASTM E2339 Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE)*， 2021-12-01 Update
• ASTM E2373/E2373M Standard Practice for Use of the Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique
• ASTM E2375 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Wrought Products*， 2022-12-01 Update
• ASTM E243 Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes
• ASTM E2445 Standard Practice for Qualification and Long-Term Stability of Computed Radiology Systems*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM E2446 Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems*， 2023-08-01 Update
• ASTM E2491 Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems*， 2023-06-01 Update
• ASTM E2534 Standard Practice for Targeted Defect Detection Using Process Compensated Resonance Testing Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts*， 2020-12-01 Update
• ASTM E2597 Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detector Arrays*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM E2698 Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Digital Detector Arrays
• ASTM E2736 Standard Guide for Digital Detector Array Radiography*， 2022-12-01 Update
• ASTM E2737 Standard Practice for Digital Detector Array Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability*， 2023-07-01 Update
• ASTM E2767 Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) Test Methods*， 2021-06-01 Update
• ASTM E2862 Standard Practice for Probability of Detection Analysis for Hit/Miss Data*， 2023-07-01 Update
• ASTM E2884 Standard Guide for Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor Arrays*， 2022-06-01 Update
• ASTM E2982 Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Thin-Walled Metallic Liners in Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications*， 2021-03-15 Update
• ASTM E3022 Standard Practice for Measurement of Emission Characteristics and Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used in Fluorescent Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM E3023 Standard Practice for Probability of Detection Analysis for *， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM E3081 Standard Practice for Outlier Screening Using Process Compensated Resonance Testing via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM E317 Standard Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse- Echo Examination Instruments and Systems Without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
• ASTM E426 Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
• ASTM E494 Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materials
• ASTM E543 Standard Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
• ASTM E571 Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Nickel and Nickel Alloy Tubular Products
• ASTM E587 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Contact Testing*， 2020-06-01 Update
• ASTM E664/E664M Standard Practice for the Measurement of the Apparent Attenuation of Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves by Immersion Method*， 2020-07-01 Update
• ASTM E747 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
• ASTM E797/E797M Standard Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Contact Method*， 2021-06-01 Update
• ASTM E94/E94M Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film*， 2022-12-01 Update
• ASTM F2971 Standard Practice for Reporting Data for Test Specimens Prepared by Additive Manufacturing*， 2021-07-15 Update
• ASTM F3122 Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes*， 2022-04-01 Update
• ASTM F3187 Standard Guide for Directed Energy Deposition of Metals*， 2023-12-15 Update
• AWS D17.1 Specification for Fusion Welding for Aerospace Applications Second Printing- Incorporating Errata [Superseded: SAE AMS-STD-1595A, SAE AMS-STD-1595]
• ISO 17296-2 Additive manufacturing - General principles - Part 2: Overview of process categories and feedstock
• ISO/ASTM 52900 Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary*， 2021-11-16 Update
• ISO/ASTM 52921 Standard terminology for additive manufacturing.Coordinate systems and test methodologies
• SAE AMS2175 Castings, Classification and Inspection of
• SAE AMS2644 Inspection Material@ Penetrant

ASTM E3166-20e1 history

• 2020 ASTM E3166-20e1 Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build
• 2020 ASTM E3166-20 Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build