ASTM D7100-11
Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils with Aqueous Solutions

Standard No.

ASTM D7100-11

Release Date

2011

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D7100-11(2020)

Latest

ASTM D7100-11(2020)

Scope

This test method is used to measure one-dimensional flow of aqueous solutions (for example, landfill leachates, liquid wastes and byproducts, single and mixed chemicals, etc., from hereon referred to as the permeant liquid) through initially saturated soils under an applied hydraulic gradient and effective stress. Interactions between some permeant liquids and some clayey soils have resulted in significant increases in the hydraulic conductivity of the soils relative to the hydraulic conductivity of the same soils permeated with water (1). This test method is used to evaluate the presence and effect of potential interactions between the soil specimen being permeated and the permeant liquid on the hydraulic conductivity of the soil specimen. Test programs may include comparisons between the hydraulic conductivity of soils permeated with water relative to the hydraulic conductivity of the same soils permeated with aqueous solutions to determine variations in the hydraulic conductivity of the soils due to the aqueous solutions.

Flexible-wall hydraulic conductivity testing is used to determine flow characteristics of aqueous solutions through soils. Hydraulic conductivity testing using flexible-wall cells is usually preferred over rigid-wall cells for testing with aqueous solutions due to the potential for sidewall leakage problems with rigid-wall cells. Excessive sidewall leakage may occur, for example, when a test soil shrinks during permeation with the permeant liquid due to interactions between the soil and the permeant liquid in a rigid-wall cell. In addition, the use of a rigid-wall cell does not allow for control of the effective stresses that exist in the test specimen.

Darcy’s law describes laminar flow through a test soil. Laminar flow conditions and, therefore, Darcy’s law may not be valid under certain test conditions. For example, interactions between a permeating liquid and a soil may cause severe channeling/cracking of the soil such that laminar flow is not maintained through a test specimen containing large open pathways for flow.

Interactions that may clog the pore spaces of test soils (for example, precipitation) may occur during permeation with some permeant liquids. Flow through test soils may be severely restricted in these cases. In cases where the measured hydraulic conductivity is less than 1 × 10^-12 m/s, unsteady state analysis may be used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of test soils (2).

Specimens of initially water-saturated soils (for example, undisturbed natural soils) may be permeated with the permeant liquid. Specimens of water unsaturated soils (for example, compacted soils) may be fully saturated with water or the permeant liquid and then permeated with the permeant liquid. Specimens of soils initially partly or fully saturated with a particular liquid (for example, specimens collected from a containment facility subsequent to a period of use) may be fully saturated and then permeated with the same or another liquid. The use of different saturating and permeating liquids can have significant effects both on the results and the interpretation of the results of a test (1). Selection of type and sequence of liquids for saturation and permeation of test specimens is based on the characteristics of the test specimens and the requirements of the specific application for which the hydraulic conductivity testing is being conducted in a test program. The user of this standard is responsible for selecting and specifying the saturation and permeation conditions that best represent the intended application.

Hydraulic conductivity of a soil with water and aqueous solution can be determined using two approaches in a test program for comparisons be.........

ASTM D7100-11 Referenced Document

• ASTM D1125 Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
• ASTM D1293 Standard Test Methods for pH of Water
• ASTM D1429 Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and Brine
• ASTM D1498 Standard Practice for Oxidation-Reduction Potential of Water
• ASTM D1557 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft³ (2,700 kN-m/m³))*， 2012-05-01 Update
• ASTM D1587 Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes*， 2024-04-19 Update
• ASTM D1889 Standard Test Method for Turbidity of Water
• ASTM D2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
• ASTM D2435 Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils
• ASTM D3550 Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
• ASTM D3740 Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• ASTM D3977 Standard Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentration in Water Samples*， 2019-11-01 Update
• ASTM D4128 Standard Practice for Identification and Quantitation of Organic Compounds in Water by Combined Gas Chromatography and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry
• ASTM D4220 Standard Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples
• ASTM D4327 Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography
• ASTM D4448 Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
• ASTM D4691 Standard Practice for Measuring Elements in Water by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
• ASTM D4696 Standard Guide for Pore-Liquid Sampling from the Vadose Zone
• ASTM D4700 Standard Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
• ASTM D4753 Standard Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing
• ASTM D4767 Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils
• ASTM D4972 Standard Test Method for pH of Soils
• ASTM D5084 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter*， 2016-08-15 Update
• ASTM D5673 Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma8212;Mass Spectrometry
• ASTM D5790 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
• ASTM D6001 Standard Guide for Direct-Push Water Sampling for Geoenvironmental Investigations
• ASTM D6026 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
• ASTM D6151 Standard Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil Sampling
• ASTM D6286 Standard Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization
• ASTM D6517 Standard Guide for Field Preservation of Ground Water Samples*， 2023-11-01 Update
• ASTM D6519 Standard Practice for Sampling of Soil Using the Hydraulically Operated Stationary Piston Sampler*， 2024-04-19 Update
• ASTM D653 Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• ASTM D6919 Standard Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cations and Ammonium in Water and Wastewater by Ion Chromatography*， 2017-06-01 Update
• ASTM D698 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft³ (600 kN-m/m³))*， 2024-04-19 Update
• ASTM D854 Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by the Water Displacement Method*， 2023-11-01 Update
• ASTM D888 Standard Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water
• ASTM E691 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• ASTM E70 Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode

ASTM D7100-11 history

• 2020 ASTM D7100-11(2020) Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils with Aqueous Solutions
• 2011 ASTM D7100-11 Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils with Aqueous Solutions
• 2006 ASTM D7100-06 Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils with Aqueous Solutions
• 2005 ASTM D7100-05 Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils with Aqueous Solutions
• 2004 ASTM D7100-04 Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils with Aqueous Solutions that may Alter Hydraulic Conductivity