ASTM E3353-22
Standard Guide for In-Process Monitoring Using Optical and Thermal Methods for Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Standard No.

ASTM E3353-22

Release Date

2022

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM E3353-22

Scope

1.1 This guide provides information on emerging in-process monitoring sensors, sensor configurations, sensor data analysis, and sensor data uses for the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process. 1.2 The sensors covered produce data related to and affected by feedstock, processing parameters, build atmosphere, microstructure, part geometry, part complexity, surface finish, and the printing equipment being used. 1.3 The parts monitored by the sensors covered in this guide are used in aerospace applications; therefore, their final inspection requirements for discontinuities are different and more stringent than for materials and components used in nonaerospace applications. 1.4 The metal materials under consideration include, but are not limited to, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and stainless steels. 1.5 This guide discusses sensor observation of parts while they are being fabricated. Sensor data analysis may take place concurrently or after the manufacturing process has concluded. 1.6 The sensors discussed in this guide may be used by cognizant engineering organizations to detect both surface and volumetric flaws. 1.7 The sensors discussed in this guide may be used by cognizant engineering organizations to detect process stability or drift, or both. 1.8 The sensors discussed in this guide are primarily configured in staring, co-axial, or mounted configurations. 1.9 This guide does not recommend a specific course of action, sensor type, or configuration for application of inprocess monitoring to additively manufactured (AM) parts. It is intended to increase the awareness of emerging in-process sensors, sensor configurations, data analysis, and data usage. 1.10 Recommendations about the control of input materials, process equipment calibration, manufacturing processes, and post-processing are beyond the scope of this guide and are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on Additive Manufacturing Technologies. Standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM F42 or equivalent are followed whenever possible to ensure reproducible parts suitable for NDT are made. 1.11 Recommendations about the inspection requirements and management of fracture critical AM parts are beyond the scope of this guide. Recommendations on fatigue, fracture mechanics, and fracture control are found in appropriate end user requirements documents, and in standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture. NOTE 1—To determine the deformation and fatigue properties of metal parts made by additive manufacturing using destructive tests, consult Guide F3122. NOTE 2—To quantify the risks associated with fracture critical AM parts, it is incumbent upon the structural assessment community, such as ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture, to define critical initial flaw sizes (CIFS) for the part to define the objectives of the NDT. 1.12 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria used in procurement or as a means for approval of AM parts for service. Any accept-reject criteria are given solely for purposes of illustration and comparison. 1.13 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.15 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized NDT Methods. Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published September 2022. DOI: 10.1520/E3353-22. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 2. Referenced Documents

ASTM E3353-22 Referenced Document

• ASTM E1213 Standard Test Method for Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference for Thermal Imaging Systems
• ASTM E1256 Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
• ASTM E1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations*， 2024-02-01 Update
• ASTM E1543 Standard Practice for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems*， 2022-12-01 Update
• ASTM E1934 Standard Guide for Examining Electrical and Mechanical Equipment with Infrared Thermography*， 2024-02-01 Update
• ASTM E2582 Standard Practice for Infrared Flash Thermography of Composite Panels and Repair Patches Used in Aerospace Applications
• ASTM E2587 Standard Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control*， 2024-04-22 Update
• ASTM E2862 Standard Practice for Probability of Detection Analysis for Hit/Miss Data*， 2023-07-01 Update
• ASTM E3023 Standard Practice for Probability of Detection Analysis for *， 2024-04-22 Update
• ASTM E3045 Standard Practice for Crack Detection Using Vibroacoustic Thermography
• ASTM E3166 Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build
• ASTM F3122 Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes
• ISO 10878 Non-destructive testing.Infrared thermography.Vocabulary
• ISO 11146-2 Lasers and laser-related equipment — Test methods for laser beam widths, divergence angles and beam propagation ratios — Part 2: General astigmatic beams
• ISO 12233 Photography — Electronic still picture imaging — Resolution and spatial frequency responses*， 2023-02-17 Update
• ISO 13372 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines - Vocabulary
• ISO 17359 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines - General guidelines
• ISO 17850 Photography - Digital cameras - Geometric distortion (GD) measurements
• ISO/ASTM 52900 Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
• ISO/ASTM 52921 Standard terminology for additive manufacturing.Coordinate systems and test methodologies
• ISO/ASTM TR 52905 Additive manufacturing of metals — Non-destructive testing and evaluation — Defect detection in parts*， 2023-06-01 Update
• ISO/IEC 15775 Information technology — Office equipment — Method of specifying image reproduction of colour copying machines and multifunction devices with copying modes by printed test charts*， 2022-12-20 Update

ASTM E3353-22 history

• 2022 ASTM E3353-22 Standard Guide for In-Process Monitoring Using Optical and Thermal Methods for Laser Powder Bed Fusion