ASTM E2060-22
Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes

Standard No.

ASTM E2060-22

Release Date

2022

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM E2060-22

Scope

1.1 This guide covers methods for selection and application of coal combustion products (CCPs) for use in the chemical stabilization of trace elements in wastes and wastewater. These elements include, but are not limited to, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. Chemical stabilization may be accompanied by solidification of the waste treated. Solidification is not a requirement for the stabilization of many trace elements, but does offer advantages in waste handling and in reduced permeability of the stabilized waste. 1.1.1 Solidification is an important factor in treatment of wastes and especially wastewaters. Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) technology is often used to treat wastes containing free liquids. This guide addresses the use of CCPs as a stabilizing agent (with or without the addition of other materials. Stabilization may be achieved by using combinations of CCPs and other products such as lime, lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, cement, and others. CCPs used alone or in combination with other reagents promote stabilization of many inorganic constituents through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include precipitation as hydrates, carbonates, silicates, sulfates, and so forth; microencapsulation of the waste particles through pozzolanic reactions; formation of metal precipitates; and formation of hydrated phases (1-4).2 Long-term performance of the stabilized waste is an issue that must be addressed in considering any S/S technology. In this guide, several tests are recommended to aid in evaluating the long-term performance of the stabilized wastes. 1.2 The CCPs that are suited for this application include fly ash, dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) material, and and fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) ash. 1.3 The wastes or wastewater, or both, containing the inorganic species may be highly variable, so the chemical characteristics of the waste or wastewater to be treated must be determined and considered in the selection and application of any stabilizing agent, including CCPs. In any waste stabilization process, laboratory-scale tests for compatibility between the candidate waste or wastewater for stabilization with one or more selected CCPs and final waste stability are recommended prior to pilot-scale and full-scale application of the stabilizing agent. 1.4 This guide does not intend to recommend pilot-scale or full-scale processes or procedures for waste stabilization. Full-scale processes should be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals. It is recommended that stabilized materials generated at the full-scale stabilization site be subjected to testing to verify laboratory test results. 1.5 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component of a pollution prevention program. Utilization of CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and energy. 1.6 This guide applies only to CCPs produced primarily from the combustion of coal. It does not apply to ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; coal coking byproducts; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood waste products; rice hulls; agricultural waste; or other noncoal fuels. 1.7 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by nation, state and locality. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable regulations. 1.8 It is recommended that work performed under this guide be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E50.03 on Beneficial Use. Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2060 – 06(2014). DOI: 10.1520/E2060-22. 2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of the text. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM E2060-22 Referenced Document

• ASTM C114 Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement*， 2023-10-01 Update
• ASTM C311 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM C400 Standard Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid
• ASTM D1556 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D1633 Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders
• ASTM D1635 Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Soil-Cement Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D2166 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
• ASTM D2937 Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Soil Density by the Pushing Cylinder Method*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D3441 Standard Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests of Soil
• ASTM D3877 Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
• ASTM D3987 Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
• ASTM D4318 Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
• ASTM D4832 Standard Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders
• ASTM D4843 Standard Test Method for Wetting and Drying Test of Solid Wastes
• ASTM D4972 Standard Test Method for pH of Soils
• ASTM D5084 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
• ASTM D558 Standard Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
• ASTM D5907 Standard Test Method for Filterable and Nonfilterable Matter in Water
• ASTM D6913 Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis
• ASTM D6938 Standard Test Methods for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)*， 2023-05-17 Update
• ASTM D75 Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates
• ASTM D7928 Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis
• ASTM E2201 Standard Terminology for Coal Combustion Products

ASTM E2060-22 history

• 2022 ASTM E2060-22 Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• 2006 ASTM E2060-06(2014) Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• 2006 ASTM E2060-06 Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• 2000 ASTM E2060-00 Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes