ASTM E228-22
Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer

Standard No.

ASTM E228-22

Release Date

2022

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM E228-22

Scope

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear thermal expansion of rigid solid materials using push-rod dilatometers. This method is applicable over any practical temperature range where a device can be constructed to satisfy the performance requirements set forth in this standard. NOTE 1—Initially, this method was developed for vitreous silica dilatometers operating over a temperature range of –180 °C to 900 °C. The concepts and principles have been amply documented in the literature to be equally applicable for operating at higher temperatures. The precision and bias of these systems is believed to be of the same order as that for silica systems up to 900 °C. However, their precision and bias have not yet been established over the relevant total range of temperature due to the lack of well-characterized reference materials and the need for interlaboratory comparisons. 1.2 For this purpose, a rigid solid is defined as a material that, at test temperature and under the stresses imposed by instrumentation, has a negligible creep or elastic strain rate, or both, thus insignificantly affecting the precision of thermallength change measurements. This includes, as examples, metals, ceramics, refractories, glasses, rocks and minerals, graphites, plastics, cements, cured mortars, woods, and a variety of composites. 1.3 The precision of this comparative test method is higher than that of other push-rod dilatometry techniques (for example, Test Method D696) and thermomechanical analysis (for example, Test Method E831) but is significantly lower than that of absolute methods such as interferometry (for example, Test Method E289). It is generally applicable to materials having absolute linear expansion coefficients exceeding 0.5 µm/(m·°C) for a 1000 °C range, and under special circumstances can be used for lower expansion materials when special precautions are used to ensure that the produced expansion of the specimen falls within the capabilities of the measuring system. In such cases, a sufficiently long specimen was found to meet the specification. 1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM E228-22 Referenced Document

• ASTM D696 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30176C and 30176C With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
• ASTM E1142 Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
• ASTM E220 Standard Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
• ASTM E230/E230M Standard Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples*， 2023-11-01 Update
• ASTM E289 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid Solids with Interferometry
• ASTM E473 Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis
• ASTM E644 Standard Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
• ASTM E831 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis

ASTM E228-22 history

• 2022 ASTM E228-22 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
• 2017 ASTM E228-17 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
• 2011 ASTM E228-11(2016) Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
• 2011 ASTM E228-11 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
• 2006 ASTM E228-06 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
• 1995 ASTM E228-95 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer