ISO 9416:2017
Paper - Determination of light scattering and absorption coefficients (using Kubelka-Munk theory)

Standard No.

ISO 9416:2017

Release Date

2017

Published By

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Latest

ISO 9416:2017

Scope

This document specifies a method for the calculation of light-scattering and light-absorption coefficients based upon diffuse reflectance measurements made under the conditions specified in ISO 2469 using the colour matching function ȳ(λ) and CIE illuminant C. It is emphasized that the strict evaluation of the light-scattering and light-absorption coefficients requires conditions which cannot be achieved with the instrumentation specified here. The values obtained by application of this document are dependent on the application of the Kubelka-Munk equations, not to full reflectance data but to reflectance factor data obtained using the specified d/0° geometry and a gloss trap. The use of the method is restricted to white and near-white uncoated papers with an opacity less than about 95 %. Paper that has been treated with a fluorescent dyestuff or that exhibits significant fluorescence can only be dealt with if a filter with a cut-off wavelength of 420 nm is used to eliminate all the fluorescence effect in the UVex(420) mode. NOTE 1 The residual UV-level in the instrument may depend on whether the instrument is adjusted to UV(C) or UV(D65) conditions prior to switching to the UVex(420) mode, but it is considered that this uncertainty in the residual level can be ignored in the application of this document. NOTE 2 Although this method is restricted to paper, it can be applied to pulp sheets, although this is not in accordance with this document. In general, when pulps are tested, the light-absorption coefficient at 457 nm corresponding to the ISO brightness value or the spectral absorption coefficients are of greater interest than the weighted value standardized in this document.

ISO 9416:2017 Referenced Document

• ASTM E308-08 Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System*， 2024-04-20 Update
• CIE 38-1977 Radiometric and Photometric Characteristics of Materials and Their Measurement (E) (F) (G)
• ISO 186:2002 Paper and board - Sampling to determine average quality
• ISO 187:1990 Paper, board and pulps; standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
• ISO 2469:2014 Paper, board and pulps - Measurement of diffuse radiance factor (diffuse reflectance factor)
• ISO 2471:2008 Paper and board - Determination of opacity (paper backing) - Diffuse reflectance method
• ISO 536:2012 Paper and board - Determination of grammage
• ISO/TR 10688:2015 Paper, board and pulps — Basic terms and equations for optical properties

ISO 9416:2017 history

• 2017 ISO 9416:2017 Paper - Determination of light scattering and absorption coefficients (using Kubelka-Munk theory)
• 2009 ISO 9416:2009 Paper - Determination of light scattering and absorption coefficients (using Kubelka-Munk theory)
• 1998 ISO 9416:1998 Paper - Determination of light scattering and absorption coefficients (using Kubelka-Munk theory)