4.1 Significance—Since the release of FASB Statement 5—Accounting for Contingencies—in March 1975, the regulatory complexity around environmental matters has increased due to a variety of long-term trends and factors, including but not limited to:
4.1.1 Number and scope of federal, state, local, and non-U.S. environmental and financial reporting laws and their implementing regulations;
4.1.2 Number and scope of treaties signed by the United States, as well as the implementing laws and regulations; parties in these treaties include multilateral organizations and Native American tribes;
4.1.3 Judicial decisions clarifying the impact of laws, regulations, and treaties;
4.1.4 Costs to comply with environmental regulations;
4.1.5 Number of known chemical compounds (see Chemical Abstracts Service REGISTRYSM, which contains over 113 million unique organic and inorganic substances);
4.1.6 Knowledge about benefits and effects of chemical compounds on human health, ecological receptors, and the environment, such as toxicology studies (see National Library of Medicine's TOXNET database at www.nlm.nih.gov);
4.1.7 Number and efficacy of remedial technologies;
4.1.8 Experience with assessing and remediating environmental conditions;
4.1.9 Financial impact of counterparty failure; and
4.1.10 Investor interest in the impact of these trends and factors on their investments.
4.2 Concurrently, the issuers of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and financial reporting standards have been evolving. While the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established in 1934, FASB was created in 1973, GASB in 1984, FASAB in 1990, and IASB in 2001. As part of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–204, 116 Stat. 745), PCAOB was founded in 2002.
Note 1: Many of these trends and factors, as well as the changes to GAAP, have occurred slowly. For example, users of this guide will likely be aware that chemicals......ASTM E2173-16 Referenced Document
ASTM E2173-16 history
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