ASTM F3187-16
Standard Guide for Directed Energy Deposition of Metals

Standard No.
ASTM F3187-16
Release Date
2016
Published By
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Status
Replace By
ASTM F3187-16(2023)
Latest
ASTM F3187-16(2023)
Scope

5.1 This guide applies to directed energy deposition (DED) systems and processes, including electron beam, laser beam, and arc plasma based systems, as well as applicable material systems.

5.2 Directed energy deposition (DED) systems have the following general collection of characteristics: ability to process large build volumes (>1000 mm3), ability to process at relatively high deposition rates, use of articulated energy sources, efficient energy utilization (electron beam and arc plasma), strong energy coupling to feedstock (electron beam and arc plasma), feedstock delivered directly to the melt pool, ability to deposit directly onto existing components, and potential to change chemical composition within a build to produce functionally graded materials. Feedstock for DED is delivered to the melt pool in coordination with the energy source, and the deposition head (typically) indexes up from the build surface with each successive layer.

5.3 Although DED systems can be used to apply a surface cladding, such use does not fit the current definition of AM. Cladding consists of applying a uniform buildup of material on a surface. To be considered AM, a computer aided design (CAD) file of the build features is converted into section cuts representing each layer of material to be deposited. The DED machine then builds up material, layer-by-layer, so material is only applied where required to produce a part, add a feature or make a repair.

5.4 DED has the ability to produce relatively large parts requiring minimal tooling and relatively little secondary processing. In addition, DED processes can be used to produce components with composition gradients, or hybrid structures consisting of multiple materials having different compositions and structures. DED processes are also commonly used for component repair and feature addition.

5.5 Fig. 1 gives a general guide as to the relative capabilities of the main DED processes compared to others currently used for metal additive manufacturing. The figure does not include all process selection criteria, and it is not intended to be used as a process selection method.

Note 1: In this figure, Build Volume refers to the relative size of components that can be processed by the subject process. Detail Resolution refers to the ability of the process to create small features. Deposition Rate refers to the rate at which a given mass of product can be produced. Coupling Efficiency refers to the efficiency of energy transfer from the energy source to the substrate, and Potential for Contamination refers to the potential to entrain dirt, gas, and other possible contaminants within the part.

1.1 Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is used for repair, rapid prototyping and low volume part fabrication. This document is intended to serve as a guide for defining the technology application space and limits, DED system set-up considerations, machine operation, process documentation, work practices, and available system and process monitoring technologies.

1.2 DED is an a......

ASTM F3187-16 Referenced Document

  • ASTM B214 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
  • ASTM C1145 Standard Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
  • ASTM D6128 Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Bulk Solids Using the Jenike Shear Cell
  • ASTM E11 Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
  • ASTM E1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
  • ASTM E1515 Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
  • ASTM F2971 Standard Practice for Reporting Data for Test Specimens Prepared by Additive Manufacturing
  • ASTM F327 Standard Practice for Sampling Gas Blow Down Systems and Components for Particulate Contamination by Automatic Particle Monitor Method
  • ISO 9001 Quality management systems - Requirements [Spanish version]

ASTM F3187-16 history

Standard Guide for Directed Energy Deposition of Metals


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