ASTM D7846-16
Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Graphites

Standard No.

ASTM D7846-16

Release Date

2016

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D7846-21

Latest

ASTM D7846-21

Scope

5.1 Two- and three-parameter formulations exist for the Weibull distribution. This practice is restricted to the two-parameter formulation. An objective of this practice is to obtain point estimates of the unknown Weibull distribution parameters by using well-defined functions that incorporate the failure data. These functions are referred to as estimators. It is desirable that an estimator be consistent and efficient. In addition, the estimator should produce unique, unbiased estimates of the distribution parameters (6). Different types of estimators exist, including moment estimators, least-squares estimators, and maximum likelihood estimators. This practice details the use of maximum likelihood estimators.

5.2 Tensile and flexural specimens are the most commonly used test configurations for graphite. The observed strength values depend on specimen size and test geometry. Tensile and flexural test specimen failure data for a nearly isotropic graphite (7) is depicted in Fig. 1. Since the failure data for a graphite material can be dependent on the test specimen geometry, Weibull distribution parameter estimates (m^, σ^_θ) shall be computed for a given specimen geometry.

5.3 Many factors affect the estimates of the distribution parameters. The total number of test specimens plays a significant role. Initially, the uncertainty associated with parameter estimates decreases significantly as the number of test specimens increases. However, a point of diminishing returns is reached where the cost of performing additional strength tests may not be justified. This suggests a limit to the number of test specimens for determining Weibull parameters to obtain a desired level of confidence associated with a parameter estimate. The number of specimens needed depends on the precision required in the resulting parameter estimate or in the resulting confidence bounds. Details relating to the computation of confidence bounds (directly related to the precision of the estimate) are presented in 8.3 and 8.4.

1.1 This practice covers the reporting of uniaxial strength data for graphite and the estimation of probability distribution parameters for both censored and uncensored data. The failure strength of graphite materials is treated as a continuous random variable. Typically, a number of test specimens are failed in accordance with the following standards: Test Methods C565, C651, C695, C749, Practice C781 or Guide D7775. The load at which each specimen fails is recorded. The resulting failure stresses are used to obtain parameter estimates associated with the underly......

ASTM D7846-16 Referenced Document

• ASTM C565 Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials
• ASTM C651 Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading at Room Temperature
• ASTM C695 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Carbon and Graphite
• ASTM C749 Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
• ASTM C781 Standard Practice for Testing Graphite and Boronated Graphite Components for High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactors
• ASTM D4175 Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• ASTM D7775 Standard Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Specimens
• ASTM E178 Standard Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
• ASTM E456 Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
• ASTM E6 Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

ASTM D7846-16 history

• 2021 ASTM D7846-21 Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Graphites
• 2016 ASTM D7846-16 Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Graphites
• 2012 ASTM D7846-12 Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Graphites