This test method characterizes a metallic material’s resistance to stable crack extension in terms of crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA), ψ and/or crack-opening displacement (COD), δ5 under the laboratory or application environment of interest. This method applies specifically to fatigue pre-cracked specimens that exhibit low constraint and that are tested under slowly increasing displacement.
When conducting fracture tests, the user must consider the influence that the loading rate and laboratory environment may have on the fracture parameters. The user should perform a literature review to determine if loading rate effects have been observed previously in the material at the specific temperature and environment being tested. The user should document specific information pertaining to their material, loading rates, temperature, and environment (relative humidity) for each test.
The results of this characterization include the determination of a critical, lower-limiting value, of CTOA (ψc) or a resistance curve of δ5, a measure of crack-opening displacement against crack extension, or both.
The recommended specimens are the compact-tension, C(T), and middle-crack-tension, M(T), specimens.
Materials that can be evaluated by this standard are not limited by strength, thickness, or toughness, if the crack-length-to-thickness (a/B) ratio or ligament-to-thickness (b/B) ratio are equal to or greater than 4, which ensures relatively low and similar global crack-front constraint for both the C(T) and M(T) specimens (2, 3).
The values of CTOA (and COD (δ5) determined by this test method may serve the following purposes:
In research and development, CTOAc (ψc) or COD (δ5), or both, testing can show the effects of certain parameters on the resistance to stable crack extension of metallic materials significant to service performance. These parameters include, but are not limited to, material thickness, material composition, thermo-mechanical processing, welding, and thermal stress relief.
For specifications of acceptance and manufacturing quality control of base materials.
For inspection and flaw assessment criteria, when used in conjunction with fracture mechanics analyses. Awareness of differences that may exist between laboratory test and field conditions is required to make proper flaw assessment.
The critical CTOA (ψc) has been used with the elastic-plastic finite-element method to accurately predict structural response and force carrying capacity of simple and complex cracked structural components, see Appendix X1.
The δ5 parameter has been related to the J-integral by means of the Engineering Treatment Model (ETM) (10) and provides an engineering approach to predict the structural response and force carrying capacity of cracked structural components.
The K-R curve method (Practice E561) is similar to the δ5-resistance curve, in that, the concept has been applied to both C(T) and M(T) specimens (under low-constraint conditions) and the K-R curve concept has been used successfully in industry (11). However, the δ51.1......
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