ASTM D4141/D4141M-14
Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings

Standard No.

ASTM D4141/D4141M-14

Release Date

2014

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D4141/D4141M-22

Latest

ASTM D4141/D4141M-22

Scope

5.1 As with any accelerated test, the increase in rate of weathering compared to in service exposure is material dependent. Therefore, no single acceleration factor can be used to relate two different types of outdoor weathering exposures. The weather resistance rankings of coatings provided by these two procedures may not agree when coatings differing in composition are compared. These two procedures should not be used interchangeably.

5.2 The procedures described in this practice are designed to provide greater degradation rates of coatings than those provided by fixed angle open-rack outdoor exposure racks. For many products, fixed angle exposures will produce higher degradation rates than the normal end use of the material.

5.2.1 The use of Procedure A (Black Box) instead of an open-rack direct exposure is a more realistic test for materials with higher temperature end use service conditions. For many coatings, this procedure provides greater rates of degradation than those provided by 5°, equator-facing, open-rack exposures because the black box produces higher specimen temperatures during irradiation by daylight and longer time of wetness. The black box specimen temperatures are comparable to those encountered on the hoods, roofs, and deck lids of automobiles parked in sunlight. The relative rates of gloss loss and color change produced in some automotive coatings by exposures in accordance with Procedure A are given in ASTM STP 781.⁴

5.2.2 The acceleration of Procedure C is produced by reflecting sunlight from ten mirrors onto an air-cooled specimen area. In the ultraviolet portion of the solar spectrum, approximately 1400 MJ/m² of ultraviolet radiant exposure (295 to 385 nm) is received over a typical one-year period when these devices are operated in a central Arizona climate. This compares with approximately 333 MJ/m² of ultraviolet radiant exposure from a central Arizona at-latitude exposure and 280 MJ/m² of ultraviolet radiant exposure from a southern Florida at-latitude exposure over the same time period. However, the test described by Procedure C reflects only direct beam radiation onto test specimens. The reflected direct beam of sunlight contains a lower percentage of short wavelength ultraviolet radiation than global daylight because short wavelength ultraviolet is more easily scattered by the atmosphere, and because mirrors are typically less efficient at shorter ultraviolet wavelengths. Ultraviolet radiant exposure levels should not be used to compute acceleration factors since acceleration is material dependent.

5.3 The weather resistance of coatings in outdoor use can be very different depending on the geographic location of the exposure because of differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative weather resistance in a different location. Exposures in several locations with different climates that represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are recommended.

5.4 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which a material degrades.

Note 3—Several years of repeat exposures are typically needed to get an “average” test result for a g......

ASTM D4141/D4141M-14 Referenced Document

• ASTM D2244 Standard Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences From Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• ASTM D4214 Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
• ASTM D523 Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
• ASTM D660 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints
• ASTM D661 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
• ASTM D662 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
• ASTM D7091 Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
• ASTM D714 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
• ASTM D772 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
• ASTM D823 Standard Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
• ASTM G113 Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
• ASTM G141 Standard Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing on Nonmetallic Materials
• ASTM G147 Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
• ASTM G169 Standard Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to Weathering Tests*， 2024-04-20 Update
• ASTM G7 Standard Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
• ASTM G90 Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight

ASTM D4141/D4141M-14 history

• 2022 ASTM D4141/D4141M-22 Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
• 2014 ASTM D4141/D4141M-14 Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
• 2007 ASTM D4141-07 Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
• 2001 ASTM D4141-01 Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
• 1995 ASTM D4141-95 Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings