5.1 Rock bolts are used for support in a variety of mining and civil engineering situations.3 After a bolt is installed, the load generally decreases over time due to deterioration of the borehole wall, creep, and other factors. This process may be arrested by fully encapsulating the bolt shortly after installation. This is generally done by pumping the bolt hole full of cement grout, though synthetic resins may also be used. This encapsulation is generally done by pumping the bolt hole full of cement grout, though synthetic resins may also be used. The rate of load loss determines the interval during which the bolt must be encapsulated during construction.
5.2 The local characteristics of the rock, such as roughness of the borehole and induced fractures, are significant factors in the load loss characteristics of the bolt. To obtain realistic values, the test holes should be drilled using the same methods as those used for the construction boreholes.
5.3 In establishing a testing program, the following factors should be considered:
5.3.1 Load retention tests should be conducted in all rock types where construction bolts will be installed. If the rock is anisotropic, for example, bedded or schistose, the tests should be conducted in the same orientations relative to the anisotropy as the construction bolts will be installed.
5.3.2 In each rock type, at each orientation, and for each anchor system, a sufficient number of tests should be conducted to determine the average and minimum long-term capacities within a fixed uncertainty band at the 958201;% confidence level. The allowable uncertainty band depends on the project and involves such factors as rock quality, expected project lifetime, and importance of the areas to be bolted. The uncertainty band determination will require considerable engineering judgment. As a rough guideline, at least six long-term tests for a single set of variables have been found necessary to satisfy the statistical requirements.
5.3.3 The design load and installation load on the rock bolt system should be predetermined. The installation load is less than the anchor capacity, as determined by Method D4435. The design load is less than the installation load; the amount depends on rock properties and the minimum time required to encapsulate the bolts. Alternatively, this method can be run for a predetermined time interval based on construction requirements, and a realistic design load can be determined from the data.
1.1 The objective of this test method is to determine the time over which rock bolt tension decreases from the installed value to a designated minimum value.
1.2 This test method is applicable to any anchor system which is not fully encapsulated immediately upon installation, includi......
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