ASTM E2660-11
Standard Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications

Standard No.

ASTM E2660-11

Release Date

2011

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM E2660-17

Latest

ASTM E2660-22

Scope

These digital reference images are intended for reference only, but are designed such that acceptance standards, which may be developed for particular requirements, can be specified in terms of these digital reference images. The illustrations are digital images of castings that were produced under conditions designed to develop the discontinuities.

Graded Discontinuities:

Gas holes, sponge shrinkage, dendritic shrinkage, less dense foreign material

(1) The images of the ¹/₈-in (3.2-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including ¼-in (6.3-mm). The images of the ³/₈-in (9.5-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range of over ¼-in (6.4-mm), up to and including ½-in (12.7-mm). The images of the ¾ -in (19.1-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range of over ½-in (12.7-mm), up to and including 1-in. (25.4-mm).

Cavity Shrinkage, Filamentary Shrinkage:

(1) The images of the ¾-in (19.1-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including 1-in. (25.4-mm).

Ungraded Discontinuities:

The images of the ³/₈-in (9.5-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including 1-in. (25.4-mm).

Image Deterioration8212;Many conditions can affect the appearance and functionality of digital reference images. For example, electrical interference, hardware incompatibilities, and corrupted files and drivers may affect their appearance. The Practice E2002 line pair gauges located in each digital reference image can be used as an aid to detect image deterioration by comparing the measured resolution using the gauges to the resolution stated on the digital reference image. Do not use the digital reference images if their appearance has been adversely affected such that the interpretation and use of the images could be influenced.

Agreement should be reached between cognizant engineering organization and the supplier that the system used by the supplier is capable of detecting and classifying the required discontinuities.

1.1 The digital reference images provided in the adjunct to this standard illustrate various types and degrees of discontinuities occurring in thin-wall steel investment castings. Use of this standard for the specification or grading of castings requires procurement of the adjunct digital reference images which illustrate the discontinuity types and severity levels. They are intended to provide the following:

1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of thin-wall steel casting discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and degree through digital radiographic examination.

1.1.2 Example digital radiographic illustrations of discontinuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications and drawings.

1.2 Two illustration categories are covered as follows:

1.2.1 Graded8212;Six common discontinuity types each illustrated in eight degrees of progressively increasing severity.

1.2.2 Ungraded<......

ASTM E2660-11 Referenced Document

• ASTM E1025 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
• ASTM E1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• ASTM E1320 Standard Reference Radiographs for Titanium Castings
• ASTM E192 Standard Reference Radiographs for Investment Steel Castings of Aerospace Applications
• ASTM E2002 Standard Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness in Radiology
• ASTM E2597 Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detector Arrays
• ASTM E94 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination

ASTM E2660-11 history

• 2022 ASTM E2660-22 Standard Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications
• 2017 ASTM E2660-17 Standard Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications
• 2011 ASTM E2660-11 Standard Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications
• 2010 ASTM E2660-10 Standard Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications