ASTM E2338-11
Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
- Standard No.
- ASTM E2338-11
- Release Date
- 2011
- Published By
- American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
- Status
- Replace By
- ASTM E2338-17
- Latest
- ASTM E2338-22
- Scope
Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors8212;Conformable, eddy-current sensors can be used on both flat and curved surfaces, including fillets, cylindrical surfaces, etc. When used with models for predicting the sensor response and appropriate algorithms, these sensors can measure variations in physical properties, such as electrical conductivity and/or magnetic permeability, as well as thickness of conductive coatings on any substrate and nonconductive coatings on conductive substrates or on a conducting coating. These property variations can be used to detect and characterize heterogeneous regions within the conductive coatings, for example, regions of locally higher porosity.
Sensors and Sensor Arrays8212;Depending on the application, either a single-sensing element sensor or a sensor array can be used for coating characterization. A sensor array would provide a better capability to map spatial variations in coating thickness and/or conductivity (reflecting, for example, porosity variations) and provide better throughput for scanning large areas. The size of the sensor footprint and the size and number of sensing elements within an array depend on the application requirements and constraints, and the nonconductive (for example, ceramic) coating thickness.
Coating Thickness Range8212;The conductive coating thickness range over which a sensor performs best depends on the difference between the electrical conductivity of the substrate and conductive coating and available frequency range. For example, a specific sensor geometry with a specific frequency range for impedance measurements may provide acceptable performance for an MCrAlY coating over a nickel-alloy substrate for a relatively wide range of conductive coating thickness, for example, from 75 to 400 μm (0.003 to 0.016 in.). Yet, for another conductive coating-substrate combination, this range may be 10 to 100 μm (0.0004 to 0.004 in.). The coating characterization performance may also depend on the thickness of a nonconductive topcoat. For any coating system, performance verification on representative coated specimens is critical to establishing the range of optimum performance. For nonconductive, for example, ceramic, coatings the thickness measurement range increases with an increase of the spatial wavelength of the sensor (for example, thicker coatings can be measured with larger sensor winding spatial wavelength). For nonconductive coatings, when roughness of the coating may have a significant effect on the thickness measurement, independent measurements of the nonconductive coating roughness, for example, by profilometry may provide a correction for the roughness effects.
Process-Affected Zone8212;For some processes, for example, shot peening, the process-affected zone can be represented by an effective layer thickness and conductivity. These values can in turn be used to assess process quality. A strong correlation must be demonstrated between these “effective coating” properties and process quality.
Three-Unknown Algorithm8212;Use of multi-frequency impedance measurements and a three-unknown algorithm permits independent determination of three unknowns: (1) thickness of conductive nonmagnetic coatings, (2) conductivity of conductive nonmagnetic coatings, and (3) lift-off that provides a measure of the nonconductive coating thickness.
Accuracy8212;
ASTM E2338-11 Referenced Document
- ASTM B244 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-Current Instruments
- ASTM D7091 Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
- ASTM E1004 Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
- ASTM E1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
- ASTM E376 Standard Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test Methods
- ASTM E543 Standard Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
- ASTM G12 Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel
ASTM E2338-11 history
- 2022 ASTM E2338-22 Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
- 2017 ASTM E2338-17 Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
- 2011 ASTM E2338-11 Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
- 2006 ASTM E2338-06 Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
- 2004 ASTM E2338-04 Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
