ASTM D7128-05(2010)
Standard Guide for Using the Seismic-Reflection Method for Shallow Subsurface Investigation

Standard No.

ASTM D7128-05(2010)

Release Date

2005

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D7128-18

Latest

ASTM D7128-18

Scope

Concepts:

This guide summarizes the basic equipment, field procedures, and interpretation methods used for detecting, delineating, or mapping shallow subsurface features and relative changes in layer geometry or stratigraphy using the seismic-reflection method. Common applications of the method include mapping the top of bedrock, delineating bed or layer geometries, identifying changes in subsurface material properties, detecting voids or fracture zones, mapping faults, defining the top of the water table, mapping confining layers, and estimating of elastic-wave velocity in subsurface materials. Personnel requirements are as discussed in Practice D3740.

Subsurface measurements using the seismic-reflection method require a seismic source, multiple seismic sensors, multi-channel seismograph, and appropriate connections (radio or hardwire) between each (Fig. 1, also showing optional roll-along switch).

Seismic waves generated by a controlled seismic energy source propagate in the form of mechanical energy (particle motion) from the source through the ground or air to seismic sensors where the particle (ground) motion is converted to electrical voltage and transmitted to the seismograph.

Seismic energy travels away from the source both through the ground and air. In the ground, the energy travels as an elastic wave, with compressional waves (Eq 1) and shear waves (Eq 2) moving away from the source in a hemispherical pattern, and surface waves propagating away in a circular pattern on the ground surface.

1.1 Purpose and Application:

1.1.1 This guide summarizes the technique, equipment, field procedures, data processing, and interpretation methods for the assessment of shallow subsurface conditions using the seismic-reflection method.

1.1.2 Seismic reflection measurements as described in this guide are applicable in mapping shallow subsurface conditions for various uses including geologic (1), geotechnical, hydrogeologic (2), and environmental (3). The seismic-reflection method is used to map, detect, and delineate geologic conditions including the bedrock surface, confining layers (aquitards), faults, lithologic stratigraphy, voids, water table, fracture systems, and layer geometry (folds). The primary application of the seismic-reflection method is the mapping of lateral continuity of lithologic units and, in general, detection of change in acoustic properties in the subsurface.

ASTM D7128-05(2010) Referenced Document

• ASTM D2845 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of Rock*， 2024-04-19 Update
• ASTM D3740 Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• ASTM D420 Standard Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes
• ASTM D4428/D4428M Standard Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Testing*， 2024-04-19 Update
• ASTM D5088 Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Nonradioactive Waste Sites
• ASTM D5608 Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites
• ASTM D5730 Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Ground Water
• ASTM D5753 Standard Guide for Planning and Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging
• ASTM D5777 Standard Guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method for Subsurface Investigation
• ASTM D6235 Standard Practice for Expedited Site Characterization of Vadose Zone and Ground Water Contamination at Hazardous Waste Contaminated Sites
• ASTM D6429 Standard Guide for Selecting Surface Geophysical Methods
• ASTM D6432 Standard Guide for Using the Surface Ground Penetrating Radar Method for Subsurface Investigation
• ASTM D653 Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

ASTM D7128-05(2010) history

• 2018 ASTM D7128-18 Standard Guide for Using the Seismic-Reflection Method for Shallow Subsurface Investigation
• 2005 ASTM D7128-05(2010) Standard Guide for Using the Seismic-Reflection Method for Shallow Subsurface Investigation
• 2005 ASTM D7128-05 Standard Guide for Using the Seismic-Reflection Method for Shallow Subsurface Investigation