This standard specifies the method for determining the particle size distribution of nano-powders by using the X-ray small-angle scattering effect. This standard is applicable to the determination of the particle size distribution of powders with a particle size in the range of 1nm to 300nm. It can also be referred to for the determination of the particle size of inorganic, organic sols and biomacromolecules. When the particle shape of the powder deviates from spherical, this method gives the equivalent scattering sphere diameter. This method is not suitable for mixed powders composed of particles of different materials; it is generally not suitable for powders with micropores, but when the micropore size is nano-scale and the particle (or skeleton) size is above 0.5 μm, it can be used to determine the corresponding pore size distribution.