This standard specifies the procedures for the manufacture and inspection of alloy reference blocks for ultrasonic testing. The test block is in the shape of a cylinder with a flat-bottomed hole (FBH) inside, and the end face is the sound wave entry plane. It can be used for testing the performance of ultrasonic testing instruments and probes, as well as for the calibration and control of ultrasonic testing of metal alloy products. The test block is not only suitable for direct contact method, but also suitable for liquid immersion pulse echo ultrasonic method. Although this standard basically discusses the manufacture and inspection of carbon steel and alloy steel test blocks, as well as the testing of these materials, its manufacturing and inspection methods are also applicable to test blocks of other materials, such as nickel-based alloys, certain aluminum alloys, etc. preparation. When making reference blocks of materials other than carbon and alloy steels, some additional procedures and inspections may be required. In specific applications, this standard does not exclude some specifications and some additional supplementary requirements that are considered necessary.