The following uses of imaging-guided stereotactic surgery have been documented in the literature, and are presented as examples. This list is not inclusive of all the techniques presently being used, and certainly does not reflect nor intend to impede the development of new techniques in the future:
Biopsy of intracranial tissue,
Implantation of radioisotopes by various techniques,
Aspiration of cysts,
Aspiration of abcesses,
Instillation of therapeutic agents, including antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, tissue, drugs, and neurotransmitters,
Insertion of electrodes for recording of electrical activity or impedance,
Insertion of probes for lesion production in functional neurosurgery,
Insertion of electrodes for stimulation,
Aspiration of hematomas,
Resection of mass lesions,
Laser vaporization or removal of intracranial tissue,
Guidance of externally delivered radiation therapy,
Adjunct to open surgical procedures,
Placement of catheters into ventricles, cysts, and so forth, and
Hyperthermia.
1.1 This specification covers the combined use of stereotactic instruments or systems with imaging techniques, to direct a diagnostic or therapeutic modality into a specific target within the brain, based on localization information derived from such imaging techniques.
1.2 For the purpose of this specification, a stereotactic instrument or system is a guiding, aiming, or viewing device used in human neurosurgery for the purpose of manually directing a system or treating modality to a specific point within the brain by radiographic, imaging, or other visualization or identification of landmarks or targets or lesions.
1.3 Definition of Stereotactic Imaging Systems8212;Types of imaging-guided systems all require three components: an imaging system, a stereotactic frame, or other physical device to identify the position of a point in space, and a method to relate image-generated coordinates to frame or device coordinates. See Performance Specification F 1266
1.4 General Types of Imaging that May Be Used With Stereotactic Systems8212;Currently employed imaging modalities used in imaging-guided stereotactic systems include radiography, angiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, biplane and multiplane digital subtraction angiography, and positron emission scanning. However, it is recognized that other modalities may be interfaced with currently available and future stereotactic systems and that new imaging modalities may evolve in the future. Standards for imaging devices will be dealt with in documents concerning such devices, and will not be addressed h......
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