ASTM E2280-21
Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities

Standard No.

ASTM E2280-21

Release Date

2021

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM E2280-21

Scope

1.1 This is a guide to developing fire hazard assessments for upholstered seating furniture, within patient rooms of health care occupancies. As such, it provides methods and contemporary fire safety engineering techniques to develop a fire hazard assessment for use in specifications for upholstered seating furniture in such occupancies. 1.2 Hazard assessment is an estimation of the potential severity of the fires that can develop with certain products in defined scenarios, once the incidents have occurred. Hazard assessment does not address the likelihood of a fire occurring, but is based on the premise that an ignition has occurred. 1.3 Because it is a guide, this document cannot be used for regulation, nor does it give definitive instructions on how to conduct a fire hazard assessment. 1.4 This guide is intended to provide assistance to those interested in mitigating the potential damage from fires associated with upholstered furniture in patient rooms in health care occupancies. 1.5 Thus, this guide can be used to help assess the fire hazard of materials, assemblies, or systems intended for use in upholstered furniture, by providing a standard basis for studying the level of fire safety associated with certain design choices. It can also aid those interested in designing features appropriate to health care occupancies. Finally, it may be useful to safety personnel in health care occupancies. 1.6 This guide is a focused application of Guide E1546, which offers help in reference to fire scenarios that are specific to upholstered furniture in health care occupancies, and includes an extensive bibliography. It differs from Guide E1546 in that it offers guidance that is specific to the issue of 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings and Contents. Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2021. Published January 2022. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E2280-17. DOI: 10.1520/E2280-21. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 upholstered furniture in patient rooms of health care facilities, rather than general guidance. Appendix X11 includes some statistics on the magnitude of the potential problem in the U.S. 1.7 A fire hazard assessment conducted in accordance with this guide is strongly dependent on the limitations in the factors described in 1.7.1 – 1.7.4. 1.7.1 Input data (including their precision or accuracy). 1.7.2 Appropriate test procedures. 1.7.3 Fire models or calculation procedures that are simultaneously relevant, accurate and appropriate. 1.7.4 Advancement of scientific knowledge. 1.8 This guide addresses specific fire scenarios which begin inside or outside of the patient room. However, the upholstered furniture under consideration is inside the patient room. 1.9 The fire scenarios used for this hazard assessment guide are described in 9.2. They involve the upholstered furniture item within the patient room as the first or second item ignited, in terms of the room of fire origin. Additionally, consideration should be given to the effect of the patient room upholstered furniture item on the tenability of occupants of rooms other than the room of fire origin, and on that of potential rescuers. 1.10 This guide does not claim to address all fires that can occur in patient rooms in health care occupancies. In particular, fires with more severe initiating conditions than those assumed in the analysis may pose more severe fire hazard than that calculated using this guide (see also 9.5). 1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.13 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures. 1.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM E2280-21 Referenced Document

• ASTM D123 Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles*， 2023-09-14 Update
• ASTM E1321 Standard Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
• ASTM E1352 Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies
• ASTM E1353 Standard Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture
• ASTM E1354 Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
• ASTM E1355 Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models
• ASTM E1472 Standard Guide for Documenting Computer Software for Fire Models
• ASTM E1474 Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
• ASTM E1537 Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Real Scale Upholstered Furniture
• ASTM E1546 Standard Guide for Development of Fire-Hazard-Assessment Standards*， 2024-04-22 Update
• ASTM E1590 Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses
• ASTM E1591 Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Fire Growth Models
• ASTM E162 Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
• ASTM E1740 Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate and Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Wall Covering or Ceiling Covering Composites Using a Cone Calorimeter*， 2022-04-01 Update
• ASTM E176 Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
• ASTM E2061 Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of Rail Transportation Vehicles*， 2023-06-15 Update
• ASTM E2067 Standard Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests*， 2023-11-01 Update
• ASTM E2257 Standard Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assemblies*， 2022-04-01 Update
• ASTM E603 Standard Guide for Room Fire Experiments
• ASTM E648 Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
• ASTM E662 Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
• ASTM E906 Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products
• ASTM F1534 Standard Test Method for Determining Changes in Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Cushioning Materials After Water Leaching
• ISO 13943 Fire safety — Vocabulary*， 2023-09-01 Update
• ISO 4880 Burning behaviour of textiles and textile products - Vocabulary
• ISO 9705 Fire tests; full-scale room test for surface products; technical corrigendum 1

ASTM E2280-21 history

• 2021 ASTM E2280-21 Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities
• 2017 ASTM E2280-17 Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities
• 2013 ASTM E2280-13 Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities
• 2009 ASTM E2280-09 Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities
• 2003 ASTM E2280-03e1 Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities
• 2003 ASTM E2280-03 Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities