Form This foundation specification (AMS1428J) and its associated category specifications (AMS1428/1 and AMS1428/2) cover three types of deicing/anti-icing fluids@ each in the form of a non-Newtonian fluid. Foundation and Category Specifications This foundation specification establishes the requirements for all Type II@ III@ and IV aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. It defines Glycol (Conventional and Non-Conventional) based fluids and Non-Glycol based fluids@ and contains additional properties and requirements that apply to both Glycol (Conventional and Non-Conventional) and Non-Glycol based products. Classification Deicing/anti-icing fluids covered by this specification are classified as follows: Non-Newtonian A fluid defined as non-Newtonian exhibits a different apparent viscosity value when tested at the same temperature@ using the same viscometer and spindle in a predetermined volume when the only variant is the rotational speed of the spindle. Typically@ the non-Newtonian fluid shear stress is not in direct proportion to its rate of flow. Pseudoplastic A fluid described as pseudoplastic shall exhibit reduced apparent viscosity values as the spindle speed is increased@ and revert to original flow behavior when the shear stress is removed. This shall be demonstrable at the temperatures listed in 3.2.3.2. Application This document establishes the minimum requirements for the qualification of ground-based aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. Consult ARP4737 for more information on the proper use or restrictions of SAE Type II@ III@ and IV aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. Precautions The lowest operational use temperature (LOUT) for a SAE Type II@ III@ and IV fluid shall be determined for the neat (undiluted) fluid or for each intended use dilution@ and is the lowest temperature at which the fluid has been tested and certified as acceptable in accordance with the appropriate aerodynamic acceptance test (3.2.5) while still maintaining the 7 ??(13 ?? freezing point temperature buffer (see ARP4737). The fluid manufacturers?? literature shall clearly state the LOUT for the neat fluid and intended use dilutions. The deicing/anti-icing formulation may be mildly toxic and contact with human skin and eyes should be avoided. Prolonged exposure to concentrations of vapor or windborne mists should be avoided. Consult the fluid manufacturers?? Material Safety Data Sheet for further information. Caution should be exercised in the use of glycol-water deicing/anti-icing solutions in and around electrical/electronic circuitry with noble metal coated wiring or terminals which could make contact with the fluid. Exothermic reactions@ which may result in fire have been reported. This may occur where defectively insulated wires@ switches@ or circuit breakers carrying direct current are encountered. Fluids based on glycol shall contain an inhibitor to minimize this potential fire hazard. A fluid meeting this specification is unique to each manufacturer and may be adversely affected by mixing with other aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. Slippery conditions may exist on the ground@ or equipment following the deicing/anti-icing procedure. Deicing/anti-icing fluids should be compatible with carbon brake material. Reference to ARP4737 and the airplane manufacturer??s maintenance and service documents for further information on fluid use. An industry standard test method for compatibility is under development. SAE Type II@ III@ and IV fluids@ especially when used in a one-step process@ or in the first step of a two-step process@ may cause residues to collect in aerodynamically quiet areas@ cavities@ and gaps. These residues can affect flight safety. Refer to ARP4737 for more information. Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials@ methods@ applications@ and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials@ this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and processes and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. Fluid Qualification It is not sufficient for a SAE Type II@ III@ or IV fluid to meet all of the requirements of AMS1428 for airlines to be able to use it. For such a fluid to be used commercially@ it must also have holdover time guidelines and be identified on a list of qualified fluids acceptable to regulators. For information on the qualification process of an AMS1428 fluid@ reference ARP5718.
SAE AMS1428J-2017 history
2023SAE AMS1428L-2023 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV
2018SAE AMS1428K-2018 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV
2017SAE AMS1428J-2017 Fluid@ Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing@ Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic)@ SAE Types II@ III@ and IV
2016SAE AMS1428H-2016 Fluid@ Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing@ Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic)@ SAE Types II@ III@ and IV
2010SAE AMS1428G-2010 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV
2007SAE AMS1428F-2007 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian, (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV
2006SAE AMS1428E-2006 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian, (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV
2002SAE AMS1428D-2002 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian, (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV
1998SAE AMS1428C-1998 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV
1997SAE AMS1428B-1997 Fluid@ Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing@ Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic)@ SAE Types II@ III@ and IV
1996SAE AMS1428A-1996 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV
1993SAE AMS1428-1993 FLUID, AIRCRAFT DEICING/ANTI-ICING, NON-NEWTONIAN, PSEUDO-PLASTIC, SAE TYPE II