ESDU 90023 A-1992
AIRFRAME NOISE PREDICTION

Standard No.
ESDU 90023 A-1992
Release Date
1992
Published By
ESDU - Engineering Sciences Data Unit
Latest
ESDU 90023 A-1992
Scope
INTRODUCTION Airframe noise is caused by airflow over aeroplane surfaces. It does not include powerplant noise and therefore sets a lower limit below which reductions in engine noise emission have no significant effect on the total noise level from the aeroplane. The level of airframe noise is dependent upon the aeroplane configuration. In basic terms@ an aerodynamically ??clean' aeroplane produces less noise in the airflow than a ??dirty' one. The landing configuration with slats extended@ flaps down and undercarriage lowered is therefore considerably more noisy than the clean configuration. An illustration of the magnitude of this increase in noise level for the aeroplane described in the example in Section 8 is shown in Sketch 2.1. The solid curve in Sketch 2.1 represents the predicted noise spectrum for the aeroplane overhead@ in the landing configuration@ and the dashed curve is for the aeroplane in the clean configuration at the same location and flying at the same airspeed. The breakdown of the airframe noise spectrum for the landing configuration into its constituent component spectra is shown in Sketch 2.2. This Item provides a computerised method for estimating airframe noise in the far-field. The prediction method@ which is a semi-empirical one@ has been developed from that proposed by Fink (Derivations 2 and 5) with changes to directivity and spectral functions based on recently available data. The aeroplane geometry and operating conditions are required input data. The program permits the estimation of the OASPL and of one-third octave band sound pressure levels within a frequency range and over polar and azimuthal angular ranges set by the user. The output values are for free-field and still@ lossless atmospheric conditions. Procedures to correct for atmospheric attenuation@ ground reflection and lateral attenuation in still atmospheric conditions may be found in References 8@ 9@ 10 and 12. To account for wind and temperature gradients the method described in Reference 11 may be used. This Item may be used to predict airframe noise for discrete airframe elements and in summation for any selected combination of the following aeroplane components: i) wing (conventional or delta)@ ii) slats@ iii) horizontal tail@ iv) vertical tail@ v) flaps (single@ double or triple slotted)@ vi) main landing gear and vii) nose landing gear. Although the fuselage does produce some lift@ most of the fluctuating lift and drag forces which generate the noise are associated with the components listed above. The contribution of noise from the fuselage may be considered negligible at a reception point in the far-field.

ESDU 90023 A-1992 history




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