ASTM D4093-23
Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Measurements of Birefringence and Residual Strains in Transparent or Translucent Plastic Materials

Standard No.

ASTM D4093-23

Release Date

2023

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM D4093-23

Scope

1.1 This quantitative test method covers measurements of direction of principal strains, ε1 and ε2, and the photoelastic retardation, δ, using a compensator, for the purpose of analyzing strains in transparent or translucent plastic materials. This test method can be used to measure birefringence and to determine the difference of principal strains or normal strains when the principal directions do not change substantially within the light path. 1.2 In addition to the method using a compensator described in this test method, other methods are in use, such as the goniometric method (using rotation of the analyzer) mostly applied for measuring small retardation, and expressing it as a fraction of a wavelength. Nonvisual methods employing spectrophotometric measurements and eliminating the human judgment factor are also possible. 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4093 95 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/D4093-23. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 1.3 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D4093-23 Referenced Document

• ASTM D4000 Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials*， 2023-03-15 Update
• ASTM D618 Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
• ASTM D638 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
• ASTM D882 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
• ASTM D883 Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics*， 2024-02-01 Update
• ASTM E2935 Standard Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing Processes
• ASTM E456 Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
• ASTM E691 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ASTM D4093-23 history

• 2023 ASTM D4093-23 Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Measurements of Birefringence and Residual Strains in Transparent or Translucent Plastic Materials
• 1995 ASTM D4093-95(2014) Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Measurements of Birefringence and Residual Strains in Transparent or Translucent Plastic Materials
• 1995 ASTM D4093-95(2010) Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Measurements of Birefringence and Residual Strains in Transparent or Translucent Plastic Materials
• 1995 ASTM D4093-95(2005)e1 Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Measurements of Birefringence and Residual Strains in Transparent or Translucent Plastic Materials
• 1995 ASTM D4093-95(2001)e1 Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Measurements of Birefringence and Residual Strains in Transparent or Translucent Plastic Materials
• 2001 ASTM D4093-95 Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Measurements of Birefringence and Residual Strains in Transparent or Translucent Plastic Materials