Scope 1.1 This standard covers the design, construction, operation and maintenance of pipeline networks in the gas and oil industries that transport: a) liquid hydrocarbons, including crude oil, multiphase fluids, condensates, liquid petroleum and natural gas derivatives and liquefied petroleum gases; b) deposit waters; c) steam used for the development of oil fields; (d) carbon dioxide used for enhanced oil recovery; or e) gas. Note: Designers should note that this standard may not be suitable for gases other than natural gas, manufactured gas, or synthetic natural gas. 1.2 The scope of this standard, illustrated by Figures 1.1 and 1.2, includes the following: a) for the petroleum industry, piping and equipment for offshore pipelines, onshore pipelines, tank farms, pumping stations, pressure relief stations and counting stations; b) oil pipeline pumping stations, tank farms and pipeline terminals; c) tubular-type storage containers; d) for carbon dioxide pipeline networks, land pipeline pipes, pressure relief stations and metering stations; e) for the gas industry, the piping of offshore pipelines, onshore pipelines, compression stations, metering stations and expansion stations; f) compression stations; and g) pipelines used for gas storage, bottle or tubular gas storage containers. 1.3 This standard does not apply: a) to pipes with a metal temperature lower than -70°C; b) pipes (excluding those of steam networks used for the development of an oil field) whose metal temperature is greater than 230°C; c) the gas piping downstream of the outlet of the subscriber's meter installation (covered by CAN/CSA-B149.1); (d) pipelines of degassing plants, gas processing plants (except the main gas pipelines of dehydration plants and all other processing facilities forming part of a gas pipeline network), manufacturing plants gas, industrial establishments and mines; (e) oil refineries, non-pipeline terminals and transfer centers; f) abandoned pipelines; g) drinking water networks in factories or make-up water and boiler supply pipes; h) sheaths and casings or pipes in gas or oil wells, wellhead components, separators, tanks and other production facilities; i) residual gas evacuation pipes of all kinds operating substantially at atmospheric pressure; j) heat exchangers; k) pipeline networks intended for the transportation of liquefied natural gas (covered by CSA Z276); l) liquid fuel distribution networks; m) refueling or transfer arrangements for tankers or barges; n) at natural gas filling stations; and (o) the storage of hydrocarbons in underground formations and related equipment (covered by the CSA Z341 series). 1.4 This standard aims to establish essential requirements and minimum standards for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of oil and gas pipeline networks. It does not constitute a design manual and good judgment and technical skill are advised when using it. Note: In the case of steel pipes higher than 555, other requirements than those prescribed in this standard may be necessary. Points to consider are assembly, resistance to distortion (including cold bending), pressure testing, assessment of imperfections and repairs. 1.5 This standard targets the operation, maintenance and upward reclassification of existing installations. However, it should not apply retroactively to existing works with respect to design, materials, construction and established operating pressures. 1.6 Unless otherwise indicated, to establish compliance with the requirements, in the case of observed or calculated values, the last digit on the right of the limit values must be rounded to the nearest unit, in accordance with the method set out in the ASTM E 29. 1.7 This standard shall be authoritative in cases where its requirements are different from the requirements of any publication to which it refers. 1.8 This standard is not intended to hinder the implementation of new equipment or the development of new practices, nor to prescribe how to deal with such innovations. 1.9 In CSA standards, the term “shall” indicates a requirement, that is, a requirement that the user must follow to ensure compliance with the standard; “should” indicates a recommendation or what is advisable but not obligatory to do; and “can”, a possibility or advice. The notes that accompany the articles do not include prescriptions or recommendations. They are used to separate from the text explanations or information that are not properly part of the standard. Notes at the bottom of figures and tables are part of these and can be written as prescriptions. The annexes are qualified as normative (mandatory) and informative (optional), to clarify their application.