ASTM D6681-17
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure

Standard No.

ASTM D6681-17

Release Date

2017

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D6681-23

Latest

ASTM D6681-23

Scope

1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety). 1.4 The following is the Table of Contents: Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus and Installation 6 Intake Air System 6.2.1 Exhaust System 6.2.2 Fuel System 6.2.3 Oil Consumption System 6.2.4 Engine Oil System 6.2.5 Oil Heating System 6.2.5.1 Oil Sample Valve 6.2.5.2 Engine Coolant System 6.2.6 Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7 Reagents and Materials 7 Oil Samples 8 Preparation of Apparatus 9 General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1 Complete Engine Inspection 9.2 Copper Components 9.3 Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4 Engine Piston Cooling Jets 9.5 Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6 Cylinder Head 9.7 Valve Guide Bushings 9.8 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils. Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6681 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D6681-17. 2 ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206–4489. 3 This edition incorporates revisions contained in all information letters through 16-1. Users of this test method shall contact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center to obtain the most recent information letters. 4 Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O. Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 Section Fuel Injector 9.9 Piston and Rings 9.10 Cylinder Liner 9.11 Compression Ratio 9.12 Engine Timing 9.13 Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14 Calibration and Standardization 10 Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1 Instrumentation Standards 10.2 Coolant Flow 10.3 Re-calibration Requirements 10.4 Fuel Injectors 10.5 Air Flow 10.6 Intake Air Barrel 10.7 Fuel Filter 10.8 Oil Scale Flow Rates 10.9 Calibration of Test Stands 10.10 Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.11 Test Run Numbering 10.13 Humidity Calibration Requirements 10.14 Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters 10.15 Procedure 11 Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1 Cool-down Procedure 11.2 Warm-up Procedure 11.3 Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4 Periodic Measurements 11.5 Engine Control Systems 11.6 Engine Coolant 11.6.1 Engine Fuel System 11.6.2 Engine Oil Temperature 11.6.3 Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4 Intake Air 11.6.5 Post-Test Procedures 11.7 Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1 Piston Ratings 11.7.2 Referee Ratings 11.7.3 Ring End Gap Increase 11.7.4 Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.5 Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.6 Photographs 11.7.7 Calculation and Interpretation of Results 12 Test Validity 12.1 Calculations 12.2 Quality Index 12.2.1 Oil Consumption 12.2.2 Report 13 Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1 Test Validity 13.2 Report Specifics 13.3 Precision and Bias 14 Precision 14.1 Bias 14.1.4 Keywords 15 Annexes Engine and Parts Warranty Annex A1 Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations Annex A2 Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3 Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation Annex A4 Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5 Oil System Annex A6 Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping Annex A7 Humidity Probe Installation (Location) Annex A8 Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form) Annex A9 Engine Assembly Information Annex A10 Flushing Instructions and Apparatus Annex A11 Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions Annex A12 Piston and Liner Rating Modifications Annex A13 Additional Report Forms Annex A14 Test Report Forms Annex A15 Appendixes Various Examples for Reference Purposes Appendix X1 Safety Appendix X2 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D6681-17 Referenced Document

• ASTM D130 Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
• ASTM D1319 Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
• ASTM D2274 Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
• ASTM D235 Standard Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
• ASTM D2425 Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
• ASTM D2500 Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
• ASTM D2622 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• ASTM D2709 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• ASTM D3227 Standard Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric Method)*， 2024-03-01 Update
• ASTM D3524 Standard Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
• ASTM D4052 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
• ASTM D4175 Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants*， 2023-07-01 Update
• ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• ASTM D4485 Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils*， 2022-09-01 Update
• ASTM D4739 Standard Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Titration
• ASTM D482 Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products*， 2019-11-01 Update
• ASTM D5185 Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
• ASTM D524 Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
• ASTM D5862 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine
• ASTM D613 Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
• ASTM D6202 Standard Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine *， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D6593 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature*， 2018-10-01 Update
• ASTM D664 Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
• ASTM D7422 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine*， 2023-12-01 Update
• ASTM D86 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
• ASTM D93 Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• ASTM D97 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
• ASTM E29 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• ASTM G40 Standard Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
• SAE J183 Overlap Shear Test for Sealant Adhesive Bonding of Automotive Glass Encapsulating Material to Body Opening@ Recommended Practice*， 2020-01-01 Update

ASTM D6681-17 history

• 2023 ASTM D6681-23 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2017 ASTM D6681-17 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2016 ASTM D6681-16 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine&x2014;Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2015 ASTM D6681-15 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine&x2014;Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2014 ASTM D6681-14 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginemdash;Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2013 ASTM D6681-13 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginemdash;Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2010 ASTM D6681-10a Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine-Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2010 ASTM D6681-10 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine-Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2009 ASTM D6681-09 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine-Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2008 ASTM D6681-08 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine-Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2005 ASTM D6681-05 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine-Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2004 ASTM D6681-04 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine-Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• 2001 ASTM D6681-01 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine-Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure