ISO 690:2021
Information and documentation — Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources

Standard No.

ISO 690:2021

Release Date

2021

Published By

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Latest

ISO 690:2021

Scope

This document describes a set of principles, guidelines, and requirements for the preparation of bibliographic references and citations in works that are not themselves primarily bibliographical. It is applicable to bibliographic references and citations for all kinds of information resources, including but not limited to monographs, serials, contributions within monographs and serials, patents, cartographic materials, artworks, performances and diverse electronic resources, such as research datasets, databases, programs and applications, Web archives and social media, music, recorded sound, prints, photographs, graphic and audio-visual materials, archival sources and moving images. This document provides a system for citing information resources that renders deterministic output, such that a citation generated by this system can be uniquely mapped back to the originally defined set of source elements. This system is intended to be applicable across multiple languages. Citations generated by this system are machine-parseable. The citation system described in this document can be used as a configurable framework for building citation styles. This document does not specify a data model for machine-readable citations, although such specification may be provided in a separate document or added to a later edition of ISO 690. Guidelines for legal citations, such as references to cases, statutes or treatises, are not addressed in this document, since such guidelines are usually country-specific3). Recommendations with regards to what kind of information resources may or may not be cited, or describing the risks involved with, for example, citing social media, are not within the scope of this document4).

ISO 690:2021 Referenced Document

• ISO 4 Information and documentation - Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications
• ISO 5127 Information and documentation - Foundation and vocabulary
• ISO 8601-1 Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules — Amendment 1: Technical corrections*， 2022-10-25 Update

ISO 690:2021 history

• 2021 ISO 690:2021 Information and documentation — Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources
• 2010 ISO 690:2010 Information and documentation - Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources
• 1987 ISO 690:1987 Documentation; Bibliographic references; Content, form and structure
• 1975 ISO 690:1975 Information and documentation — Bibliographic references — Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof