"GENERAL In the history of automobile design@ the slight evaporation loss of gasoline from the fuel system has been considered a minor@ harm less and unavoidable waste. However@ our present knowledge of the role of hydrocarbon vapors in air pollution has focused attention to these losses. The increased number of automobiles and the increased quantity of gasoline consumed magnify these total losses to the point of reasonable concern. Two different approaches toward reducing vapor loss have been studied: 1) reducing the vapor forming tendency of the fuel1 and 2) modifying the automobile fuel system to eliminate vapor losses2. Either method is an added cost of transportation As a part of a large program on air conservation research@ the American Petroleum Institute has sponsored a series of studies to investigate the costs and in vestments required when modifying the characteristics of present day gasoline. In the first study of this series the consequences of eliminating lead alkyl from gasoline blending were investigated. The results of this investigation were published on 1 June 1967 as Volume 1@ entitled: ""U. 5. Motor Gasoline Economics@ Manufacture of Unleaded Gasoline."" The second@ third@ and fourth studies of the series are reported in this volume@ and cover: 1) Changes in Volatility Characteristics 2) Reduction of Low Boiling Olefins 3) Interaction of Lead-Alkyl Removal and Decreased Volatility. The responsibility for these studies was assigned to a Special Task Force of the Sub-Committees on Lead4 and Volatility5 of the American Petroleum Institute Engineering and Technical Research Committee6. The Task Force@ in turn@ selected Bonner Moore Associates@ Inc.7""' to conduct the economics study. 1 J. Byrne and J. L. Keller@ ""What Value Front End Volatility?""@ Mid-Year Meeting of the API Refining Division@ May 11@ 1966. Houston @ Texas. 2 J. L. Keller@ ""The Smogless Automobile Revisited""@ Panel Presentation to the Petroleum Products Committee@ API Refining Division@ October 5@ 1965@ New York@ New York. 4Chairman of Lead Subcommittee@ J. B. Rather@ Jr.@ Mobil Oil Corporation ^ Chairman of Volatility Sub-Committee@ G. C. Templeman@ Marathon Oil Company 5 Chairman@ L. A. McReynolds@ Phillips Petroleum Company 6Project Study Team for Bonner Moore Associates@ Inc.: F. 7 Project Study Team for Bonner Moore Associates@ Inc.: P. Frederick@ Project Manager E. P. Earle J. N@ Fisher @ Jr. J. F. Moore@ Technical Ad visor Litwin Corporation@ Engineering Sub-Contractor 520 East William Street Wichita@ Kansas"
API 4003-1967 history
1967API 4003-1967 U. S. MOTOR GASOLINE ECONOMICS - VOLUME 2 - VOLATILITY CHANGES AND OLEFIN REDUCTION