This standard quotes the terms and definitions of GB/T 39990-2021 and defines independent modular polymerase chain reaction analyzers, microfluidic chips, and centrifuge tubes in this document. It also introduces the electrical classification, sample carriers, and modules of PCR machines. Different aspects such as quantity, fluorescence channel, and volume are classified, and the basic composition and working mode of the instrument are also briefly summarized. Specific technical requirements were made for the instrument's operating environment, appearance, working mode, temperature control, detection performance, interference from different detection fluorescence channels, detection repeatability, sample linearity, electrical safety, and electromagnetic compatibility.