ASTM E2598/E2598M-13
Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers

Standard No.

ASTM E2598/E2598M-13

Release Date

2013

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM E2598/E2598M-21

Latest

ASTM E2598/E2598M-21

Scope

5.1 Cast iron Yankee dryers can be up to 6.7 m [22 ft] in diameter, 7.3 m [24 ft] long, and weigh 91,000 Kg [100 tons], or more (refer to Fig. 1

FIG. 1 Yankee Dryer Drum

). Vessel thickness measurements are available from the paper/tissue machine operator. Cast iron is a brittle metal and has no specific yield point. Yankee dryers must maintain specific dimensional tolerances. When a pressurized Yankee or steam heated paper dryer (SHPD) remains stationary, it fills with condensate at a rapid rate. In an hour, a steam pressurized Yankee or SHPD can fill half way with condensate, doubling the weight on the frame, and the floor. Some Yankee owners have corporate requirements that a cast iron Yankee dryer remain stationary for ¹/₂ hour, then rotation is required. Permission is required, if the Yankee is to remain stationary for more time. This issue should be discussed with the responsible person prior to the examination.

5.2 Yankee dryers operate under a heated hood. The hood is in close proximity to the Yankee shell and allows only inches of clearance for the top half of the vessel.

5.3 Cast iron steam heated paper machine dryers are 2 m [6 ft] in diameter, or more, and may be 9 m [30 ft] long.

5.4 Grey cast iron experiences a continuing reduction in elastic modulus as it is stressed to increasing higher levels. It is prudent not to stress grey cast iron material beyond its operating stress level.

5.5 Flaws to be found are the same as those in any cast and machined product. Attempts have been made to characterize strength properties of cast irons in compact tension tests. In a TAPPI sponsored laboratory study, two out of three cast iron compact tension specimens experienced unplanned failures. From that experience it was cautioned that cracks initiated and grew faster than expected resulting in brittle fracture before the process could be halted. The failure of these two coupons demonstrated the rate in which cracks can grow in these materials and the material8217;s inability to stop a crack once it begins to grow. In each case, crack advance was extremely rapid and without warning. (See Note 1.)

Note 18212;Alleveto, C., and Williams D., Acoustic Emission Evaluation of Yankee Dryer Shell Material, 1991 TAPPI Engineering Conference Proceedings, pages 475-480.

5.6 Maximum Examination Pressure8212;Maximum Allowable Working Pressure for cast iron vessels is set based on ASME (Section VIII) pressure calculations based on thickness, radius, and material strength values, and will not exceed 10 bar [160 psi] and 230176;C [450176;F] (ASTM A278). When vessels are pressurized, anomalies produce emission at pressures less than normal fill pressure. Historically, if there is damage in a cast iron pressure boundary, AE activity will begin at load/stress levels less than 50 % of operating. Defects as small as 3 mm [¹/₈ in.] have been found using AE, during steam pressurization to operating pressure.

5.7 Pressur......

ASTM E2598/E2598M-13 Referenced Document

• ASTM A278/A278M Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650 °F (350 °C)*， 2020-05-01 Update
• ASTM E1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations*， 2024-02-01 Update
• ASTM E2374 Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification*， 2021-11-01 Update
• ASTM E543 Standard Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
• ASTM E569 Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation
• ASTM E650 Standard Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
• ASTM E976 Standard Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response*， 2021-11-01 Update

ASTM E2598/E2598M-13 history

• 2021 ASTM E2598/E2598M-21 Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers
• 2013 ASTM E2598/E2598M-13 Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers
• 2007 ASTM E2598-07 Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers