ESDU 95012 provides guidance on obtaining viscometric data necessary for estimating pressure drop in pseudohomogeneous (non-settling) fluids. ESDU 95012 briefly reviews the classification of fluids according to their rheological type@ listing classes of fluid likely to exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour. A procedure for assessing the subdivision into settling and non-settling fluids is given. The determination of shear stress versus shear rate (the flow curve) through viscometric measurement is detailed for tube@ coaxial cylinder@ rotating disc@ cone and plate@ and parallel plate viscometers. For each type the measurement of shear stresses and shear rates is explained@ sources of error are discussed and appropriate correction methods indicated@ and advantages and limitations are listed. The method of deciding which type to use in various circumstances is considered and summarised in a table and the equipment to be used is outlined. Flow curve generation and interpretation is discussed. ESDU 04005 illustrates by means of a worked example the precedure for using a tube viscometer to measure viscometric data and the subsequent calculations necessary to correct the data and develop the flow curve. Computer programs for making those full-scale pressure loss estimations from the flow curve are given in ESDU 91025. ESDU 97034 provides an introductory guide to the identification@ classification and characterisation of non-Newtonian fluids@ including measurement methods.
ESDU 95012 B-2004 history
2004ESDU 95012 B-2004 Non-Newtonian fluids: obtaining viscometric data for frictional pressure loss estimation for pipeflow.