ASTM F2391-22
Standard Test Method for Measuring Package and Seal Integrity Using Helium as the Tracer Gas

Standard No.

ASTM F2391-22

Release Date

2022

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM F2391-22

Scope

1.1 This test method includes several procedures that can be used for the measurement of overall package and seal barrier performance of a variety of package types and package forms, as well as seal/closure types. The basic elements of this method include: 1.1.1 Helium (employed as tracer gas), 1.1.2 Helium leak detector (mass spectrometer), and 1.1.3 Package/product-specific test fixtures. 1.1.4 Most applications of helium leak detection are destructive, in that helium needs to be injected into the package after the package has been sealed. The injection site then needs to be sealed/patched externally, which often destroys its saleability. Alternatively, if helium can be incorporated into the headspace before sealing, the method can be non-destructive because all that needs to be accomplished is to simply detect for helium escaping the sealed package. 1.2 Two procedures are described; however the supporting data in Section 14 only reflects Procedure B (Vacuum Mode). The alternative, Sniffer Mode, has proven to be a valuable procedure for many applications, but may have more variability due to exactly the manner that the operator conducts the test such as whether the package is squeezed, effect of multiple small leaks compared to fewer large leaks, background helium concentration, package permeability and speed at which the scan is conducted. Further testing to quantify this procedure’s variability is anticipated, but not included in this version. 1.2.1 Procedure A: Sniffer Mode—the package is scanned externally for helium escaping into the atmosphere or fixture. 1.2.2 Procedure B: Vacuum Mode—the helium containing package is placed in a closed fixture. After drawing a vacuum, helium escaping into the closed fixture (capture volume) is detected. Typically, the fixtures are custom made for the specific package under test. 1.3 The sensitivity of the method can range from the detection of: 1.3.1 Large leaks—10-2 Pa·m 3 /s to 10-5 Pa·m3 /s (10–1 cc/sec/atm to 10-4 cc/sec/atm). 1.3.2 Moderate leaks—10-5 Pa·m 3 /s to 10-7 Pa·m3 /s (10-4 cc/sec/atm to 10-6 cc/sec/atm). 1.3.3 Fine leaks—10-7 Pa·m 3 /s to 10-9 Pa·m3 /s (10-6 cc/sec/ atm to 10-8 cc/sec/atm). 1.3.4 Ultra-Fine leak—10-9 Pa·m 3 /s to 10-11 Pa·m3 /s (10-8 cc/sec/atm to 10-10 cc/sec/atm). NOTE 1—Conversion from cc/sec/atm to Pa·m3 /s is achieved by multiplying by 0.1. 1.4 The terms large, moderate, fine and ultra-fine are relative terms only and do not imply the acceptability of any leak rate. The individual application dictates the level of integrity needed. For many packaging applications, only “large leaks” are considered unacceptable and the ability to detect smaller leaks is immaterial. All leak rates referred to in this method are based on conversion of actual conditions (based on partial pressure of helium) to one atmosphere pressure differential and standard temperature conditions. 1.5 The method may have applicability to any package type: 1.5.1 Flexible, semi-rigid, or rigid. 1.5.2 Permeable or impermeable. 1.5.3 Packages comprised of both permeable and impermeable components, for example, formed aluminum blisters and other high barrier aluminum packaging, cartridges, and syringes. 1.6 The sensitivities reported in the supporting data for this method pertain to the detectability of helium emanating from the sample and are not a function of the packaging form. 1.7 The method is not applicable to breathable or porous packaging. 1.8 The results obtained can be qualitative, semiquantitative or quantitative depending on the procedure used. 1.9 Test fixture design is not within the scope of this method except to note that different designs will be needed for different applications (which have different package types and package integrity requirements). Furthermore, the fixture selection and design will be based on where the testing is to be conducted 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Primary Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.40 on Package Integrity. Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2391 – 05 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/F2391-22. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 within the manufacturing process (in other words, quality control versus research). 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM F2391-22 Referenced Document

• ASTM D3078 Standard Test Method for Determination of Leaks in Flexible Packaging by Bubble Emission
• ASTM D4991 Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum Method
• ASTM D996 Standard Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
• ASTM E1603 Standard Test Methods for Leakage Measurement Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector or Residual Gas Analyzer in the Hood Mode
• ASTM E432 Standard Guide for Selection of a Leak Testing Method
• ASTM E493 Standard Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Inside-Out Testing Mode
• ASTM E498 Standard Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector or Residual Gas Analyzer in the Tracer Probe Mode
• ASTM E499 Standard Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Detector Probe Mode
• ASTM E691 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• ASTM F17 Standard Terminology Relating to Flexible Barrier Materials

ASTM F2391-22 history

• 2022 ASTM F2391-22 Standard Test Method for Measuring Package and Seal Integrity Using Helium as the Tracer Gas
• 2005 ASTM F2391-05(2016) Standard Test Method for Measuring Package and Seal Integrity Using Helium as the Tracer Gas
• 2005 ASTM F2391-05(2011) Standard Test Method for Measuring Package and Seal Integrity Using Helium as the Tracer Gas
• 2005 ASTM F2391-05 Standard Test Method for Measuring Package and Seal Integrity Using Helium as the Tracer Gas