ASTM D4543-19
Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape Tolerances

Standard No.

ASTM D4543-19

Release Date

2019

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM D4543-19

Scope

1.1 These practices specify procedures for preparing rock test specimen of rock core from drill core obtained in the field or from block samples for strength and deformation testing and for determining the conformance of the test specimen dimensions with tolerances established by this practice. Cubical, rectangular, or other shapes are not covered by this practice. However, some of the information contained within this practice and in standard Test Method C170 may still be of use to preparing other test specimen shapes. 1.2 Rock is a complex engineering material that can vary greatly as a function of lithology, stress history, weathering, moisture content and chemistry, and other natural geologic processes. As such, it is not always possible to obtain or prepare rock core specimens that satisfy the desirable tolerances given in this practice. Most commonly, this situation presents itself with weaker, more porous, and poorly cemented rock types and rock types containing significant or weak (or both) structural features. For rock types which are difficult to prepare, all reasonable efforts should be made to prepare a specimen in accordance with this practice and for the intended test procedure. However, when it has been determined by trial and error that this is not possible, prepare the rock specimen to the closest tolerances practicable and consider this to be the best effort (Note 1) and report it as such and if allowable or necessary for the intended test, capping the ends of the specimen as discussed in this practice is permitted. NOTE 1—Best effort in surface preparation refers to the use of a well-maintained, suitable surface grinder, lathe or lapping machine and any required ancillary equipment are utilized by an experienced operator and in which a reasonable number of attempts has been made to meet the tolerances required in this procedure. 1.3 This practices covers some, but not all of the curatorial issues that should be implemented. For curatorial issues that should be followed before and during specimen preparation refer to Practices D5079 and to the specific test standards in 2.1 for which the specimens are being prepared. 1.4 This practice also prescribes tolerance checks on the length-to-diameter ratio, straightness of the elements on the cylindrical surface, the flatness of the end bearing surfaces, and the perpendicularity of the end surfaces with the axis of the core. NOTE 2—This practice does not purport to cover all the issues that will or could be encountered that may control the quality of the specimen preparation required. Each laboratory may have their own issues, especially for different compression load frames or rock types. For example, stiff testing frames versus traditional load frames and loading platens with or without spherical seating. Specimens for a stiff testing load frame with no spherical seat may need to have more stringent requirements depending on the type of rock being tested. This procedure has tried to show the methods and QA that may be involved while keeping in mind those materials that are difficult to work with and for which the specimens will still be suitable to be tested. The available literature and input on this subject from D18.12 members were considered as much as possible for this standard.2 1.5 The requirement for specifying the moisture condition and volume of the test specimen is also stated. However, the requirements in the specific test standards in 2.1 should be followed too. 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard. 1.6.1 The practices/procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope 1 These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. Current edition approved June 1, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4543 – 08ɛ1 . DOI: 10.1520/ D4543-19. 2 Needless Stringency in Sample Preparation Standards for Laboratory Testing of Weak Rocks, P.J.N. Pells (Coffey & Partners pty Ltd, North Ryde) | M.J. Ferry (Postgraduate Scholar, University of Sydney), International Society for Rock Mechanics Source 5th ISRM Congress, 10-15 April, Melbourne, Australia Publication Date 1983. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.7 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Add if appropriate, “Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.” 1.7.1 The slug unit of mass is typically not used in commercial practice; that is, density, balances, and so on. Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g) or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given/presented in parentheses. 1.7.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 These practices offer a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D4543-19 Referenced Document

• ASTM C170 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone
• ASTM C617 Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• ASTM D2113 Standard Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Investigation
• ASTM D2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
• ASTM D2936 Standard Test Method for Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens
• ASTM D3740 Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• ASTM D4753 Standard Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing
• ASTM D5079 Standard Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples
• ASTM D6026 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
• ASTM D653 Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• ASTM D7012 Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of Stress and Temperatures*， 2023-06-15 Update
• ASTM D7070 Standard Test Methods for Creep of Rock Core Under Constant Stress and Temperature

ASTM D4543-19 history

• 2019 ASTM D4543-19 Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape Tolerances
• 1970 ASTM D4543-08e1
• 2008 ASTM D4543-08 Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape Tolerances
• 2007 ASTM D4543-07 Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape Tolerances
• 2004 ASTM D4543-04 Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core Specimens and Determining Dimensional and Shape Tolerances
• 2001 ASTM D4543-01 Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core Specimens and Determining Dimensional and Shape Tolerances
• 1985 ASTM D4543-85(1991)e1 Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core Specimens and Determining Dimensional and Shape Tolerances