ASTM D409/D409M-16
Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method

Standard No.

ASTM D409/D409M-16

Release Date

2016

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM D409/D409M-16

Scope

3.1 This test method develops a measurement of grinding or pulverizing characteristics that can be used to evaluate the yield, or energy input, or both, required in a grinding or pulverizing process, which can impact a wide variety of processes, including combustion, coke-making, liquefaction, and gasification.

1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in comparison with coals chosen as standards. A prepared and sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer, and the size consist of the pulverized product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is used to produce an index relative to the ease of grinding [Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)].

1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change as the natural or seam moisture is released during handling and preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grindability characteristics that will be reported when tested in the laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on the conditions of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18 × 0.60 mm (No. 168201;×8201;30) (see Test Method D4749) materials used for the test. Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibility cited in this test method may not apply for these high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals.

1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ASTM D409/D409M-16 Referenced Document

• ASTM D2013 Standard Method of Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
• ASTM D2234/D2234M Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal*， 2020-04-01 Update
• ASTM D3302 Standard Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
• ASTM D4749 Standard Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of Coal and Designating Coal Size
• ASTM D6609 Standard Guide for Part-Stream Sampling of Coal*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D6708 Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material*， 2024-03-01 Update
• ASTM D6883 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Stationary Coal from Railroad Cars, Barges, Trucks, or Stockpiles*， 2017-10-15 Update
• ASTM D7430 Standard Practice for Mechanical Sampling of Coal*， 2018-04-15 Update
• ASTM E11 Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
• ISO 13909 Hard coal and coke - Mechanical sampling - Part 8: Methods of testing for bias
• ISO 18283 Coal and coke — Manual sampling*， 2022-03-21 Update
• ISO 3310-1 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth

ASTM D409/D409M-16 history

• 2016 ASTM D409/D409M-16 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2012 ASTM D409/D409M-12e1 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2012 ASTM D409/D409M-12 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2011 ASTM D409/D409M-11ae1 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2011 ASTM D409/D409M-11a Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2011 ASTM D409/D409M-11 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2009 ASTM D409/D409M-09ae1 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2009 ASTM D409/D409M-09a Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2009 ASTM D409/D409M-09 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2008 ASTM D409-08 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2002 ASTM D409-02(2007)e1 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2002 ASTM D409-02e1 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 2002 ASTM D409-02 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
• 1997 ASTM D409-97e2 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method