ESDU 83046 provides simple techniques and data for the estimation of the wave speeds in fluids contained in lined or unlined circular pipes@ unlined non-circular pipes@ lined or unlined circular tunnels and buried circular pipes. The data are applicable to liquids@ gases@ liquid/gas mixtures and liquid/solid mixtures. Some typical values of the bulk modulus@ density and speed of sound of some common liquids@ necessary for the estimation of the wave speeds in the contained bodies of the liquids@ are included. Data are also given for water and steam over a range of temperatures and pressures. Fluid transients are the pressure changes that propagate through a contained fluid following a disturbance@ such as a change in the flow rate@ and are also known as pressure surges@ hydraulic transients and@ in water applications@ waterhammer. The magnitude of the pressure changes is proportional to the speed of propagation@ or wave speed@ of the pressure waves.
ESDU 83046 A-2007 history
2007ESDU 83046 A-2007 Fluid transients in pipes and tunnels. Speed of propagation of pressure waves.