ASSE/ANSI 1019-2023
Performance Requirements for Wall Hydrant with Backflow Protection and Freeze Resistance
- Standard No.
- ASSE/ANSI 1019-2023
- Release Date
- 2023
- Published By
- American National Standards Institute （ANSI) US / ANSI
- Latest
- ASSE/ANSI 1019-2023
- Introduction
Analysis of the Technical Framework of ASSE/ANSI 1019-2023 Standard
ASSE/ANSI 1019-2023, "Wall-Mounted Fire Hydrants with Backflow Prevention and Freeze Protection," is an industry standard jointly developed by the American Society of Sanitary Engineering and the International Organization for Standardization. Approved by ANSI in November 2023, it replaces previous versions from 2011, 2004, and 1997. This standard specifically specifies the performance requirements for backflow prevention and freeze protection for outdoor wall-mounted fire hydrants.
Scope of Application and Equipment Classification
This standard applies to fire hydrants installed on the exterior walls of buildings. These devices must be able to prevent backflow contamination caused by backsiphonage or back pressure, and also provide freeze protection. The standard divides equipment into three types:
Type Anti-backflow mechanism Anti-freeze characteristics Use requirements Type A Three-step mechanism: anti-back siphon air inlet, anti-back pressure check valve, back pressure release mechanism Hose needs to be removed for anti-freeze The water outlet cannot withstand continuous pressure for more than 12 hours Type B Three-step mechanism: anti-back siphon air inlet, anti-back pressure check valve, back pressure release and manual drain closure mechanism Anti-freeze when the hose is connected Suitable for scenarios where the hose is often connected Type C Two-stage mechanism: anti-backsiphonage air inlet, anti-backpressure check valve Hose removal is required for freeze protection Applicable only to low backpressure scenarios (≤10 feet of water column)
Key Technical Performance Requirements
Hydrostatic Pressure Test
The equipment must be able to withstand a hydrostatic pressure test of 250 psi (1723.7 kPa) or twice the manufacturer's rated working pressure (whichever is greater) for 5 minutes without leakage or damage. This requirement ensures the structural integrity of the equipment under abnormally high pressure conditions.
Flow and Pressure Loss
At a 25 psi (172.4 kPa) differential pressure, the device must provide a flow rate of at least 6.0 GPM (22.7 L/min). This specification ensures the hydrant's water supply capacity during actual use.
High-Temperature and High-Pressure Durability
The device must undergo an 80-hour cyclic test at 140°F (60°C) and 125 psi (862 kPa) to simulate material degradation under long-term use. After testing, the device must still meet all performance requirements.
Life Cycle Assessment
The standard requires 5,000 open and close cycle tests, during which the valve stem must not exceed three adjustments for leakage. For mixed water hydrants, 2,500 cycles are required for both the hot and cold water positions.
Backflow Protection Performance Test
Backsiphon Test
This is one of the most critical tests in this standard. During this test, all check valves must be plugged with a 0.032-inch (0.813 mm) plugging line to simulate the potential for contaminant blockage in actual use. The device must effectively prevent backsiphonage under a vacuum of 25 inches of mercury (84.7 kPa), with a water column rise of no more than 3 inches (76.2 mm).
Low Backpressure Test
The device's backflow protection performance is tested under a backpressure of 6 to 10 feet of water. Any backflow observed through the transparent hose will result in a failure.
Type A/B Device Outlet Pressure Relief Test
When the water supply pressure drops to atmospheric pressure, the pressure relief mechanism of Type A and Type B devices must effectively relieve pressure in the hose to prevent freezing and rupture.
Freeze Protection Test Specifications
Self-Drainage Test
The device is installed in a low-temperature test chamber with the surface temperature maintained at 0°F (-17.8°C). During the test, connect a 36-inch (914.4 mm) hose and nozzle, discharge approximately 3 gallons (11 liters) of water, and then close the valve. After 60 minutes, the device must be able to discharge water normally when reopened, demonstrating that its self-draining function is effective.
Bend Resistance Test
Apply a vertical pull of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) to the water outlet to simulate the condition of an accidental pull on the hose. The device must remain leak-free under a pressure of 125 psi, and there must be no cracks in the flange or valve body.
Material and Manufacturing Requirements
Material Specifications
The standard specifically prohibits the use of solder and flux containing more than 0.2% lead. At the same time, the seals of the check valve and pressure relief mechanism must be made of non-metallic materials, and metal-to-metal sealing is prohibited to ensure the reliability and durability of the seal.
Marking Requirements
Each device must be clearly marked with the manufacturer's name or trademark, model specifications, and Type A/B/C classification identification in a visible location after installation. The marking method can be casting, etching, stamping or engraving, and it can also be fixed with a corrosion-resistant nameplate.
Installation Instructions
The manufacturer must provide complete installation and maintenance instructions, clearly warning that the fire hydrant outlet must not withstand continuous pressure for more than 12 hours. Repair parts must also be equipped with detailed repair instructions.
Standard Implementation Recommendations and Application Guide
Selection Recommendations
Select the appropriate device type based on the actual usage scenario: Type B devices should be selected for applications requiring long-term hose connections; for temporary hose connections, both Type A and Type C devices can meet the requirements, but please note that Type C devices are only suitable for low backpressure environments.
Installation Precautions
During installation, the manufacturer's instructions must be strictly followed to ensure that the air inlet is unobstructed and the drainage channel is unobstructed. When installing in cold areas, pay attention to the installation angle to ensure that the self-draining function is effective.
Maintenance Requirements
Regularly check the functionality of the backflow prevention mechanism, especially in areas with hard water, and regularly clean any scale accumulation. For repairable equipment, original manufacturer parts should be used for maintenance.
Compliance Verification
It is recommended to choose products that have obtained ASSE certification. Certified products will display the ASSE logo, indicating that the product has been tested by an independent laboratory and meets all the requirements of this standard.
Technological Evolution and Standard Development History
The ASSE 1019 standard was first published in 1976 and has been revised multiple times in 1978, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2004, 2011 and 2023. The main updates of the 2023 version include:
1. Clarified the classification and requirements of three types of equipment
2. Improved the fouling blocking procedure of the backsiphon test
3. Strengthened the high temperature and high pressure durability test requirements
4. Updated material and safety requirements to comply with the latest drinking water safety regulationsThe continuous update of the standard reflects industry development and technological progress, especially the innovation in backflow prevention technology and antifreeze materials. The latest version places greater emphasis on safety and reliability in actual use, providing clear technical guidance for fire hydrant manufacturers and users.
ASSE/ANSI 1019-2023 history
- 2023 ASSE/ANSI 1019-2023 Performance Requirements for Wall Hydrant with Backflow Protection and Freeze Resistance
