1 Terms and Definitions
This document does not define any specific terms.
2 Seedling Variety Selection
Select varieties that are high-yielding, disease-resistant, have a high commercial rate, meet market demands, and are suitable for local cultivation. The quality of the seeds should comply with GB16715.1 requirements.
3 Environmental Conditions
Environmental conditions should comply with GB3095 and GB5084 regulations.
4 Seedling Facilities
4.1 Facility Selection
It is recommended to use greenhouses or large sheds.
4.2 Bed Specifications
Bed length ≤ 40m, width: 1.3m～1.6m, height: 0.9m～1.0m.
4.3 Seedling Containers
4.3.1 Trays: Use trays with a specification of either 50 cells or 72 cells.
4.3.2 Nutrient Pots: Pot diameter 8cm～10cm, height 9cm～12cm.
5 Preparation before Sowing
5.1 Greenhouse Disinfection
Clean the greenhouse seven to ten days before sowing and disinfect with lime water solution at a ratio of 300-500 times per acre in a sealed environment for 24 hours, followed by ventilation.
5.2 Medium Preparation
The medium is recommended to be prepared using peat, vermiculite, and perlite mixed at a ratio of 3:1:1, which should meet the requirements of NY/T2118. Add N:P2O5:K2O (15:15:15) 1.2kg and 50% wettable powder of Difenoconazole 25g per cubic meter of medium, thoroughly mix them.
5.3 Medium Placement
5.3.1 Tray Disinfection
For new trays, rinse twice to three times with clear water; for used trays, wash clean and soak in potassium permanganate solution at a ratio of 800-1000 times for 30 minutes before use.
5.3.2 Pre-soaking the Medium
Soak the medium until it can be squeezed into a ball by hand but falls apart upon dropping.
5.3.3 Placing the Medium in the Tray
Fill the tray with the medium, level off the excess, and press holes 10mm deep using a presser.
5.4 Seed Treatment
5.4.1 Disinfection
5.4.1.1 No need to disinfect coated seeds.
5.4.1.2 Non-coated seeds should be disinfected as follows:
- Hot water treatment: Immerse the seed in 50℃～55℃ warm water for 15 minutes while stirring, then rinse with 35℃～40℃ warm water;
- Chemical disinfection: Soak in warm water at 35℃～40℃ for one to two hours, then soak in a solution of Difenoconazole at a ratio of 65% for ten minutes and rinse.
5.4.2 Cracking the Seedcoat
Use pliers to crack a small opening on the embryo end without damaging the cotyledon to facilitate water absorption.
5.4.3 Germination Promotion
After cracking, wrap seeds in a towel with humidity at 80%, place them in an environment of 32℃～35℃ for germination promotion until 75% of seeds sprout and are ready for planting.
6 Seedling Cultivation
6.1 Sowing Time
Start seedling cultivation thirty days before transplanting, when the temperature stabilizes above 15℃.
6.2 Sowing Method
Arrange pre-germinated seeds neatly in sowing holes with one seed per hole and cover with a layer of medium. Place trays evenly on the seedbed and thoroughly water them.
7 Seedling Management
7.1 Water Management
Maintain soil moisture content around 70%.
7.2 Temperature Control
Temperature requirements are detailed in Appendix A.
7.3 Humidity Control
Keep air humidity at approximately 75%.
7.4 Fertilization
Apply N:P2O5:K2O (15:15:15) at a ratio of 1.2kg per cubic meter, following water and fertilizer management procedures outlined in the plan.
8 Seedling Quality Requirements
Seedlings should be uniform with two to three true leaves, thick leaves, stems 3mm～4mm in diameter, free from disease and mechanical damage.
9 Seedling Records
Producers must establish seedling records, including producer information, variety name, seed source, sowing time, production location, and management processes such as water, fertilizer, temperature, humidity control, and pest/disease prevention during cultivation.
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