ASTM D2261-13(2024) - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)

Standard No.: ASTM D2261-13(2024)
Release Date: 2024
Published By: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Latest: ASTM D2261-13(2024)

Introduction

Analysis of the Standard's Core Content

This test method uses a constant rate of extension (CRE) tensile testing machine to evaluate the tear resistance of fabrics by recording the force changes during a tongue-shaped (single tear) tear. The latest 2024 edition primarily updates the test equipment selection priorities and data acquisition system requirements.

Test Principles and Technology Evolution

Key test parameters

Specimen size: 75×200mm (including center cut)
Clamp distance: 75±1mm
Tensile speed: Standard 50±2mm/min (optional 300±10mm/min)
Data collection: All tear curves after the initial 0.5N pre-tension must be recorded

Typical fabric tear curve characteristics: - Cotton fabric: more than 5 obvious peaks
- Wool fabric: sawtooth fluctuation curve
- Nonwoven fabric: single peak or double peak morphology

Implementation recommendations

Equipment verification: Regular calibration class=instrument>CRE testing machine's force sensor and displacement accuracy

Specimen preparation: Elastic fabrics require 24-hour pre-relaxation, and hydrophobic fabrics require the addition of 0.1% wetting agent

Abnormal handling: If 25% of specimens break within 5mm of the jaws, rubber-coated jaws or sandpaper should be used for treatment

Data reporting: Whether the single-peak force value or five-peak average method is used must be indicated

Industry Application Case

Using this method, an automotive airbag manufacturer discovered that when the tongue-shaped tear strength of nylon 66 fabric was less than 180N, unexpected ruptures could occur during airbag deployment. The improved quality control standard requires: MD/CD tear strength difference ≤ 15% and wet test value retention ≥ 90%.

ASTM D2261-13(2024) Referenced Document

ASTM D1 Standard Specifications for Purity of Raw Linseed Oil from North American Seed*， 2025-08-20 Update
ASTM D123 Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
ASTM D2904 Standard Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
ASTM D2906 Standard Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles
ASTM D4848 Standard Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
ASTM D4850 Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
ASTM D76/D76M Standard Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles

ASTM D2261-13(2024) history

2024 ASTM D2261-13(2024) Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
2017 ASTM D2261-13(2017)e1 Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
2013 ASTM D2261-13(2017) Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
2013 ASTM D2261-13 Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
2011 ASTM D2261-11 Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
2007 ASTM D2261-07ae1 Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
2007 ASTM D2261-07a Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
2007 ASTM D2261-07 Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
1996 ASTM D2261-96(2002) Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
1996 ASTM D2261-96 Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)

Standard and Specification

ISO 2960:1974 Textiles; Determination of bursting strength and bursting distension; Diaphragm method ISO 13937-3:2000 Textiles - Tear properties of fabrics - Part 3: Determination of tear force of wing-shaped test specimens (Single tear method) ISO 13937-4:2000 Textiles - Tear properties of fabrics - Part 4: Determination of tear force of tongue-shaped test specimens (Double tear test) BS EN ISO 13937-4:2000 Textiles. Tear properties of fabrics. Determination of tear force of tongue-shaped test specimens (double tear test) BS EN ISO 13937-2:2000 Textiles. Tear properties of fabrics. Determination of tear force of trouser-shaped test specimens (single tear method) ISO 13936-1:2004 Textiles - Determination of the slippage resistance of yarns at a seam in woven fabrics - Part 1: Fixed seam opening method BS EN ISO 13936-1:2004 Textiles - Determination of the slippage resistance of yarns at a seam in woven fabrics - Fixed seam opening method GB/T 19976-2005 Textiles.Determination of bursting strength.Steel ball method GB/T 7742.1-2005 Textiles.Bursting properties of fabrics.Part 1: Hydraulic method for determination of bursting strength and bursting distension AS 2001.2.4:1990 Methods of test for textiles - Physical tests - Determination of bursting pressure of textile fabrics - Hydraulic diaphragm method AS 2001.2.10:1986 Methods of test for textiles - Physical tests - Determination of the tear resistance of woven textile fabrics by the wing-rip method AS 2001.2.19:1988 Methods of test for textiles - Physical tests - Determination of bursting force of textile fabrics - Ball burst method AS 2001.2.21:1989 Methods of test for textiles - Physical tests - Determination of seam opening due to the application of force in the transverse direction AS 2001.2.22:2006 Methods of test for textiles - Physical tests - Determination of yarn slippage in woven fabric at a standard stitched seam EN ISO 13937-2:2000 Textiles - Tear Properties of Fabrics - Part 2: Determination of Tear Force of Trouser-Shaped Test Specimens (Single Tear Method) ISO 13937-2:2000 GB/T 13772.4-2008 Textiles.Determination of the slippage resistance of yarns at a seam in woven fabrics.Part 4: Friction method JIS L 1096:2010 Testing methods for woven and knitted fabrics CAN/CGSB-4.2 NO.11.1-1994 Textile test methods Bursting strength - Diaphragm pressure test BS EN ISO 13936-1:2004(2007) Textiles - Determination of the slippage resistance of yarns at a seam in woven fabrics - Part 1 : Fixed seam opening method

Version	Main Improvements	Applicable Equipment	Data Processing Method
1964 First Edition	Basic Test Framework	Mainly CRT Type	Manual Reading of Charts
2017 Edition	Adding Microprocessor System	CRE/CRT Parallel	Automatic Data Collection
2024 Edition	Clear CRE Priority	CRE First Choice

ASTM D2261-13(2024)Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)