Ganzao Simplified Standardized Production Technology Regulations
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements for adjusting the cultivation mode of gray jujube in Alar City, First Corps and mechanical management in orchards.
This standard applies to standardized production management of gray jujube orchards with tree age four years or older in Alar City, First Corps.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents form an integral part of this document through normative references. For dated references, only the edition cited applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 8321.1 Pesticide Reasonable Usage Criteria Part 9
NY/T 1276 General Rules for Safe Use of Pesticides
NY/T 391 Green Food: Origin Environment Quality
NY/T 393 Green Food: Pesticide Usage Criteria
NY/T 496 General Standards for Rational Fertilizer Usage
3 Terms and Definitions
3.1 Permanent Rows
Rows determined by the final planting density.
3.2 Permanent Plants
Plants determined by the final planting density.
3.3 Central Leader
The upright trunk section from the first main branch to the last one on a jujube tree, also known as "central leader".
3.4 Trunk
The upright trunk section from the ground to where the first main branch is located on a jujube tree.
3.5 Trunk Height
The distance from the ground to where the first main branch is located on a jujube tree.
3.6 Main Branches
Large branches that directly sprout from the central leader.
3.7 Secondary Branches
Permanent secondary branches grown from lateral buds in the upper part of a new shoot, also known as "secondary branches". These branches grow in an S-shape and form the basis for fruiting spurs, hence they are called result-bearing basal branches.
3.8 Fruit Spurs
Shortened result-bearing branches mainly located on secondary branches two years old or older, which serve as the main site of fruit clusters.
3.9 New Shoots
Developing branches that sprout from terminal buds, fruit cluster centers or secondary branch base lateral buds. The base has detachable fruit spurs while the middle-upper part bears permanent secondary branches.
4 Production Environment
The environmental conditions should comply with "NY/T 391".
5 Cultivation Mode Adjustment
5.1 Planting Density Adjustment
5.1.1 Adjustment Objective
Adjust the spacing between plants in gray jujube orchards four years or older to 1.5m~2.0m, and the row spacing to 4.0m~4.5m, for mechanized operations.
5.1.2 Adjustment Method
5.1.2.1 Permanent Rows Determination
Choose planting rows with good growth status and intervals between 4.0m~4.5m as permanent rows, removing the rest of the rows.
5.1.2.2 Permanent Plants Determination
Select plants in permanent rows with intervals between 1.5m~2.0m as permanent plants, removing the rest.
5.2 Tree Form Adjustment
5.2.1 Tree Shape Parameters
Single-axis central leader shape: one central leader; plant height 2.5m~3.0m; trunk height 70cm~80cm; canopy width 1.5m~2.0m. On the central leader, cultivate seven to nine main branches spirally upward with vertical spacing between each at approximately 20cm; every main branch has seven to nine secondary branches; each secondary branch five to seven fruit spurs or fruit clusters (Figures 1-1 and 1-2).
Figure 1: Diagram of single-axis central leader structure for jujube tree.
5.2.2 Adjustment Method
5.2.2.1 First Year
During winter pruning, reduce the height of trees over 3.0m to between 2.5m~3.0m; prune the base of trees with trunk heights less than 70cm to increase it to 70cm~80cm; remove large branches that are vertical, overlapping, dead or growing in a cross shape (Figures 2-1 and 2-2).
Figure 2: Diagram for single-axis central leader transformation.
5.2.2.2 Second Year
In winter pruning of the second year, choose main branches with good orientation and base spacing around 20cm on the central leader to retain them while removing others; develop remaining weak main branches as branch groups and prune robust ones retaining only one fruit spur (Figures 2-3 and 2-4).
5.2.2.3 Third Year
5.2.2.3.1 Bud Scoring and Removing Shoots
7~10 days before bud break in spring, if the vertical spacing between main branches on the central leader is 30cm or more, score a bud every 20cm with a knife to a depth of 2~3 times the width of the bud, stopping at full cut through the phloem; remove all buds below.
5.2.2.3.2 Pinching
In early May and June respectively, pinch off new shoots except one strong branch from each scoring point.
5.2.2.3.3 Branch Bending and Tying Down
By mid-June when new branches turn dark grey (semi-lignified), bend or tie down if orientation is suitable; maintain angles at 80°~90° (Figures 2-5 to 2-7). Subsequently, perform simple pruning yearly for shape maintenance, and renew main branches every three to four years, ensuring vigorous fruiting capacity.
6 Mechanical Management
6.1 Before Bud Break
In March, spray the entire orchard with fungicide using a sprayer in accordance with GB/T 8321.1 "Pesticide Reasonable Usage Criteria Part 9", NY/T 1276 "General Rules for Safe Use of Pesticides" and NY/T 393 "Green Food: Pesticide Usage Criteria".
6.2 During Bud Break
In April, apply base fertilizer using a trenching machine with urea 10kg/667m², diammonium phosphate 2kg/667m² and potassium sulfate 5kg/667m²; add biological organic fertilizers based on this.
6.3 Leaf Expansion Period
6.3.1 Foliar Fertilization
From May onwards, spray leaf fertilizer using a foliar sprayer every 10~15 days with one part urea and two parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate dissolved in water (1kg urea and 2kg K₂HPO₄ per 1000L of water). Spraying should be done after 6 PM on clear, windless days.
6.3.2 Weeding
Use a mulching mower to cut weeds, which decompose into green manure.
6.4 Flowering Period
Avoid excessive watering and fertilizing during flowering to prevent vigorous vegetative growth at the expense of fruit setting.
6.4.1 Promoting Fruit Setting
Around June 10th, dissolve 10g gibberellin in alcohol, mix with water (1000kg), add boron fertilizer (300g), urea (2kg), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3kg), spray evenly using a sprayer; repeat after seven to ten days.
6.4.2 Disease Control
In late June, use a sprayer for spraying once with fungicides; reapply if it rains within 48 hours.
6.5 Young Fruit Period
In early July, spray leaf fertilizer again using a foliar sprayer with one part urea and three parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate dissolved in water (1kg urea and 3kg K₂HPO₄ per 1000L of water), supplemented by amino acid nutrient solution; follow up with weed removal.
6.6 Fruit Expansion Period
From mid-July to early August, spray leaf fertilizer twice using a foliar sprayer with four parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate and additional amino acid nutrient solution (4kg K₂HPO₄ per 1000L of water); perform one irrigation after the first spraying.
6.7 White Ripening Period
In mid-August, use a sprayer for spraying fungicides to protect the fruit from diseases and pests.
6.8 Harvesting Period
Harvest using existing jujube picking machinery.
7 Agricultural Record Keeping
7.1 Agronomic Activity Archive
Main agronomic activities should be recorded accurately in accordance with Appendix A.1.
7.2 Input Usage Archive
Names, types, sources, dates of application, methods, quantities and effects of major chemical inputs such as pesticides, fertilizers, plant regulators should be recorded accurately; see Appendix A.2 for details.
7.3 Phenological Period Recording Archive
All phenological period activities should be recorded accurately in accordance with Appendix A.3.
Appendix A (Normative)
Table A.1 Agricultural Activity Record Table
Land Area: hm² Variety:
No. Soil Type and Fertility Field Management Pest Control Harvesting Operation Dates Method Content Completion Status Effect Recorder
Table A.2 Input Usage Record Table
Land Area: hm² Variety:
No. Item Name Kind Source Operation Date Method Quantity Effect Recorder
Table A.3 Phenological Period Record Table
Land Area: hm² Variety:
No. Bud Break New Shoot Growth Flowering Fruit Setting Young Fruit Expansion Fruit Ripening Dormancy Recorder
Group Standard for "Simplified Gray Jujube Production Technology Regulations"
Standard Preparation Explanation
I Task Source
This standard was proposed by Alar City, First Corps aiming at the health and sustainable development of the corps' jujube industry. It is implemented and completed by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
II Purpose and Significance
Jujube is a distinctive fruit in Xinjiang; its cultivation plays a critical role in stabilizing southern Xinjiang, attracting population, increasing employment and boosting farmers' income. However, current issues such as inconsistent cultivation patterns, unsuitable canopy structures, and extensive management practices hinder the formation of unified mechanical, intensive, and standardized production systems, which hinders further development. Without standards, it is impossible to establish a uniform planting model; thus, this standard aims to define one. Density, tree shape, and plant height are three key factors in establishing a unified jujube planting model; these aspects are reasonably defined according to the growth laws and practical production conditions of jujubes, effectively supporting high-quality development in Xinjiang's jujube industry.
III Standard Preparation Process
Based on requirements for "Simplified Jujube Production Technology Regulations", Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences formed a standard drafting team. They reviewed relevant literature, analyzed factors constraining production levels and fruit quality decline over the years, compiled research results, and formulated an integrated management technology suitable for Xinjiang's ecological features. After multiple revisions and validations, this standard is timely, scientific, practical, and follows GB/T 1.1-2009 "Standardization Work Guidelines" and DB/T 19001-2016 "Quality Management System Requirements".
IV Compilation Principles
This standard adheres to the format requirements of the Standardization Guidelines, following principles of science, advancement, economy, and applicability during formulation. The main technical indicators are proposed based on promotion experiences.
V Main Basis for Compiling
The standard mainly combines current production status and development trends in Xinjiang's jujube industry with existing domestic and international standards.
Main References:
GB/T 8321.1 Pesticide Reasonable Usage Criteria Part 9
NY/T 1276 General Rules for Safe Use of Pesticides
NY/T 391 Green Food: Origin Environment Quality
NY/T 393 Green Food: Pesticide Usage Criteria
NY/T 496 General Standards for Rational Fertilizer Usage
VI Major Issues in Standardization
After drafting the standard, opinions were widely solicited. Following a comprehensive review by experts, consensus was reached on key technical contents without significant disagreements.
VII Implementation Requirements and Suggestions
"Simplified Jujube Production Technology Regulations" is tailored to the current jujube industry in Alar City, applicable for standardized production management of gray jujube orchards with trees aged four years or older. Its implementation will promote规范化灰枣栽培模式生产，提升该地区灰枣标准化生产的管理技术水平及品质产量。主要内容包括灰枣栽培模式调整以及果园机械化管理。
发布此标准后，建议加强学习培训和推广示范。
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