ASHRAE - American Society of Heating@ Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers@ Inc.
Scope
In cold climate zones@ e.g. ASHRAE climate regions IV and V@ conventional electric air-source heat pumps (ASHP) do not work well@ due to high compressor discharge temperatures@ large pressure ratios and inadequate heating capacities at low ambient temperatures. Consequently@ significant use of auxiliary strip heating is required to meet the building heating load. We introduce innovative ASHP technologies as part of continuing efforts to eliminate auxiliary strip heat use and maximize heating COP with acceptable cost-effectiveness and reliability. These innovative ASHP were developed using tandem compressors@ which are capable of augmenting heating capacity at low temperatures and maintain superior part-load operation efficiency at moderate temperatures. Two options of tandem compressors were studied; the first employs two identical@ single-speed compressors@ and the second employs two identical@ vapor-injection compressors. The investigations were based on system modeling and laboratory evaluation. Both designs have successfully met the performance criteria. Laboratory evaluation showed that the tandem@ single-speed compressor ASHP system is able to achieve heating COP = 4.2 at 47??(8.3??@ COP = 2.9 at 17??(-8.3??@ and 76% rated capacity and COP = 1.9 at -13??(-25??. This yields a HSPF = 11.0 (per AHRI 210/240). The tandem@ vapor-injection ASHP is able to reach heating COP = 4.4 at 47??(8.3??@ COP = 3.1 at 17??(-8.3??@ and 88% rated capacity and COP = 2.0 at -13??(-25??. This yields a HSPF = 12.0. The system modeling and further laboratory evaluation are presented in the paper